㈠ 给我一篇国际服务贸易的外文翻译吧，可以是已经出版的有外文翻译过来的期刊 专著…… 万分感谢
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㈡ 求助金融方面的外文翻译及资料
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㈢ 对外贸易的英文文献 及翻译
我国服务贸易发展的现状与对策
摘要：服务贸易正逐渐成为全球经济竞争的重点。加入WTO以后,我国服务贸易获得了一定的发展,但也存在着一些问题。只有制定有效的措施，才能推动我国服务贸易的发展。
关键词：服务贸易；现状；对策
上世纪末以来，全球经济竞争的重点正从货物贸易转向服务贸易，服务业发达的程度成为衡量现代化水平的重要标志。目前，我国已进入全面建设小康社会的发展阶段，必须大力发展服务业，并把扩大服务业领域的对外开放作为我国更广泛地参与国际竞争、融入经济全球化的重要内容。
一、我国服务贸易的发展现状
近年来，我国服务业实现了持续、稳定、健康发展，服务业的发展促进了服务贸易的增长。1989年我国的服务贸易进出口总额在全世界名列第30位，2000年上升到第12位。但是，由于我国服务贸易起点低、基础差，与发达国家相比仍有很大差距，主要表现在：
1、服务贸易整体水平差
我国服务业总量不足，在国民经济中比重偏低。2001年我国服务业增加值32254亿元，占GDP的比重为33. 6％。与中等收入国家的46%—56%、高收入国家的59％—65%相比，还有很大的差距。服务业落后使我国服务贸易的发展受到很大的制约。2002年我国服务贸易总额为660亿美元，占全球服务贸易总额的2.3％。而同期美国服务贸易总额占全球的16.5％，是我国的7倍多。从总体上看，除旅游等少数行业外，多数服务贸易领域处于逆差状态。加入WTO后，服务贸易逆差有可能进一步扩大．
2、服务贸易内部结构不合理
1995—2002年，我国服务出口总额中，旅游服务一直居于首位，其比重由27. 6％升至36. 5％：金融服务所占比重一直在19％左右；运输服务的比重有所下降，由27. 1％降为19%。而以信息技术为基础的新兴服务业则是明显的弱项，1995年这类产业在服务进口额中所占比重为22. 9％，2001年剧增为52. 4%，是使我国服务贸易逆差日益增大的重要因素。
3、服务贸易管理滞后
由于服务业是由许多相关行业组成的产业群，国际服务贸易涉及的行业范围极广，国际社会要求一国对其国内的服务业进行整体协调和管理。目前，我国对外服务贸易管理体制存在许多缺陷，如中央与地方在服务业对外贸易政策和规章方面还存在一定的差别，服务业多头管理、政出多门甚至相互掣肘的问题还没有完全解决，服务业的统计也不规范，行业标准等方面有许多不符合国际惯例。
4、服务贸易立法不健全
长期以来，我国服务贸易立法严重滞后，虽然近年颁布了《商业银行法》、《保险法》、《海商法》等，但与服务贸易广泛的内涵和国际服务贸易发展的要求相比还存在许多不足。目前我国尚没有一个关于服务业的一般性法律，已有的规定主要表现为各职能部门的规章和内部文件，不仅立法层次较低，而且缺乏协调，从而影响了我国服务贸易立法的统一性和透明度。
二、加入WTO对我国服务贸易的影响
我国加入WTO后，服务业市场将在原有的基础上进一步扩大对外开放，这将对我国服务贸易的发展带来深刻的影响。
1、服务贸易市场化进程进一步加快
放宽限制、开放市场是服务贸易发展的关键。加入WTO，部分服务行业的市场准入，将不再仅仅受国内有关部门的控制，而是要执行我国政府对世贸组织的承诺，这将有利于打破国内部分行业的垄断局面，有利于国内行业学习国外先进的经验，使其提高服务质量和水平，进一步推动我国服务业的发展和国际竞争力的提高。
2、有利于改善我国的投资环境
投资环境不仅仅体现于公路、通信、电力供应等硬件的好坏，越来越多地体现于金融、分销、专业服务等生产性服务的完备与质量等方面。我国服务业总体上落后，而生产性服务更为落后，这正是外国投资者看中我国市场的重要原因。服务业的对外开旅，将吸引更多的外资进入我国服务业，这将有力地促进服务业，特别是生产性服务业的快速发展，改善我国投资的软环境，进而带动国内整个经济的发展。
3、有利于引入新的服务种类
我国服务业的落后，在很大程度上表现为服务种类、品种的缺乏，许多服务领域需要填补“国内空白”。在世界贸易组织划分的143个行业中，我国商业化的税务服务、民意测验服务、信用查询等行业，基本上处于空白状态。在许多行业，具体的服务领域、服务品种还存在大量空白。服务市场的开放和外资的进入，将在相当程度上弥补我国服务业发展中的各种空白，满足国内经济发展和人民生活的各种需要。
4、有利于在更深层次上参与世界经济结构的调整
在经济全球化趋势的推动下，全球服务业也在酝酿着世界范围的调整。加入WTO，有利于我国借发达国家向海外转移劳动密集型、资本密集型服务业之机，吸引外国投资，改善我国服务业的内部结构；也有利于我国服务提供者进入国际市场，实施“走出去”战略，扩大服务贸易出口。
三、增强我国服务贸易竞争力的主要措施
1、优化服务行业结构
大力发展现代服务业，重点发展信息、科技、咨询、法律等行业，带动服务业整体水平提高。积极发展新兴服务业，如房地产、物业管理、旅游、教育培训、文化体育等，形成新的经济增长点。改组改造传统产业，运用现代经营方式和服务技术，着重改造商贸流通、交通运输、餐饮等行业，提高技术水平和经营效率。
2、放宽服务业市场准入
改变部分行业垄断经营严重、市场准入限制过严的状况，按市场主体资质和服务标准，逐步形成公开透明、管理规范的市场准入制度。加快垄断行业管理体制的改革，放宽部分行业市场准入的资质条件，鼓励非国有经济在更广泛的领域参与服务业发展。还要改革市场准入的行政审批制度，减少行政审批项目。
3、多渠道增加服务业投入
中央和地方各级政府，都要适当安排一定数量的投资，作为加快发展服务业的引导资金，主要用于国家鼓励的服务业建设项目的贴息或补助，以更多地吸引银行信贷资金和社会投入。银行要在独立审贷的基础上积极向符合贷款条件的服务业企业及其建设项目发放贷款．鼓励符合条件的服务业企业进入资本市场融资。
4、加强对服务业的组织领导
进一步转变观念，统一思想，提高认识，把服务业摆到与农业、工业同等重要的位置。各级政府要切实履行职责，为加快发展服务业创造良好的环境。制定和完善规范服务业市场主体行为和市场秩序的法律法规，为服务业发展提供法律保障。
China's service trade development and Countermeasures
Abstract: Trade in services is becoming the focus of global economic competition. Join the WTO, China's service trade was a certain amount of development, but there are some problems. Only the development of effective measures to promote China's service trade development.
Keywords: services trade; the status quo; Strategy
Since the end of last century, global economic competition is the focus shift from trade in services trade in goods, services advanced degree to become an important symbol to measure the level of modernization. At present, China has entered the development stage of building a moderately prosperous society, we must vigorously develop the service instry, and to expand services to the outside world as China's greater participation in international competition, an important part of integration into economic globalization.
I. Development of China's service trade
In recent years, China's service instry to achieve sustained, stable and healthy development of service instries to promote the growth of trade in services. 1989, China's service trade import and export volume in the world ranked 30, 2000 increased to 12. However, e to the low level of trade in services, infrastructure is poor, there is still a big gap compared with developed countries, mainly in:
1, the overall level of trade in services poor
My total lack of services, the low proportion in the national economy. In 2001 the added value of 3.2254 trillion yuan of Service, the proportion of GDP, is 33.6%. And middle-income countries, 46% -56%, high-income countries compared to 59% -65%, there is a great difference. Services behind the development of our country trade in services under great constraints. China's service trade in 2002 totaled 66 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for global service trade volume of 2.3%. The same period, total U.S. trade in services accounted for 16.5% of the world is China's 7 percent. Overall, in addition to tourism and a few instries, most trade in services in a deficit state. Join the WTO, the service trade deficit may be further expanded.
2, the internal structure of trade in services is unreasonable
1995-2002, China's total exports of services, tourism services has been at the top, its share from the 27.6 percent rise to 36.5 percent: the proportion of financial services have been around 19%; decline in the proportion of transportation services, by the 27.1% reced 19%. The information technology-based emerging service instries is obvious weaknesses in the service of this instry in 1995, the proportion of imports to 22.9 percent in 2001 soared to 52.4 percent, making China's service trade an important factor in the increasing deficit.
3, management of trade in services lagged
As the service sector is composed of many related instries instry groups, instries involved in international trade in services scope, the international community requires a State to carry out their domestic services sector overall coordination and management. At present, China's foreign trade in services management system has many defects, such as central and local foreign trade policy and regulations in the service sector there are still some differences, long service management, and those policies or issues of mutual constraints has not been fully resolved, Services statistics are not norms, instry standards and so many do not comply with international practice.
4, trade in services legislation is not perfect
Over the years, lagged far behind China's service trade legislation, although enacted in recent years, "Commercial Bank Law", "Insurance Law", "Maritime" and so on, but a wide range of content and services, trade and development requirements of international trade in services, there are many less than . At present, China still does not have a general law on the service have been the main performance of the provisions of the regulations for the various functional departments and internal documents, not only the legislation is quite low, and the lack of coordination, which affects the unity of China's service trade legislation and transparency.
Second, join the WTO impact on China Trade in Services
China's accession to WTO, the services market will further expand the basis of the original opening, which will bring China's service trade development profound impact.
1, the service trade market to further accelerate the process of
Deregulation, open markets are key to the development of trade in services. Join the WTO, market access in some service sectors, will not only control by the domestic authorities, but to the implementation of our government's commitment to the WTO, which will help break the monopoly of some domestic instries, is concive to the domestic instry learn foreign advanced experience, to improve service quality and level of services in China to further promote the development and improvement of international competitiveness.
2, will help to improve the investment environment in China
Investment environment is not only reflected in the road, communication, power supply and other hardware is good or bad, more and more reflected in the financial, distribution, professional services and other proction services such as the completeness and quality. China's service sector generally backward, more backward, procer services, which is Chinese and foreign investors, an important reason for our market. Services of opening travel, will attract more foreign capital into the services sector, which will effectively promote the service sector, in particular the rapid development of procer services, improve the soft investment environment in China, in order to stimulate the development of the domestic economy as a whole.
3, will help introce new types of services
Behind our services to a large extent the performance of the types of services, lack of variety, many services need to fill "the gaps." Division of the World Trade Organization's 143 instries, our commercial tax services, poll services, credit inquiries, etc., is basically a blank. In many instries, specific services, there are still large gaps in service varieties. Service market opening and entry of foreign capital, will make up a considerable extent, the various gaps in the service instry to meet the domestic economic development and people's living needs.
4, is concive to a deeper level the restructuring of the world economy
The promotion of economic globalization, global services are brewing around the world adjusted. Join the WTO, will help China to shift to overseas countries by labor-intensive, capital-intensive service instry the opportunity to attract foreign investment, improve the internal structure of our services; also help our service providers to enter the international market, "going out "strategy to expand trade in services exports.
Third, enhance the competitiveness of China's service trade, the main measures
1, optimization services instry structure
Vigorously develop modern services sector, focusing on the development of information, technology, consulting, legal and other instries to bring the overall level of service increase. Actively develop new service instries, such as real estate, property management, tourism, ecation and training, culture, sports, etc. to form a new economic growth point. Reorganization of the transformation of traditional instries, the use of modern management methods and services technology, focusing on transforming flow of commerce, transportation, catering and other instries, technological level and operational efficiency.
2, relaxation of market access for services
Monopoly in some sectors to change the serious, too restrictive market access conditions, the main qualification to market and service standards, and graally form an open and transparent and standardized management of the market access system. Accelerate the reform of management system of monopoly instries, relax qualifications in some sectors market access conditions, encouraging non-state participation in the broader field of service instry. Market access, reform of administrative approval system, rece administrative examination and approval.
3, multi-channel input to increase services
Central and local levels of government, appropriate arrangements should be a number of investment as a guide to speed up the development of the service sector, mainly for the service sector construction projects encouraged by the state as discount or subsidy to attract more bank credit funds and social input. Censoring banks in the basis of independent active service to meet the loan conditions of loans to enterprises and their projects. Encourage qualified enterprises to enter the capital market financing services.
4, to strengthen organization and leadership services
Further change the concept of unity of thinking, raise awareness, the service placed with agriculture, instry, equally important position. Governments at all levels must perform their ties, in order to accelerate the development of services to create a good environment. Develop and improve the standard of the main services market behavior and market order, laws and regulations to provide legal protection for the service instry.
㈣ 外文翻译
这项研究还显示，在服务业外国直接投资是市场追求，且不受东道国贸易的开内放性。国内市场的重要性，以容及贸易的渺小，是从外国直接投资总计服务部门的分析明显，大体上由四个主要服务行业的分析确认。有，但是，也是在重要的外国直接投资流动的决定因素的差异在不同的服务行业。制片人的想法是一个全球性的服务结合在一起解体链生产，制造业的外国直接投资是一致的外国直接投资在某些生产性服务业（金融和运输）的外国直接投资微不足道，但在服务行业，如贸易其他类型的强劲因素。滞后变量的使用表明，生产性服务业滞后反应不同的外国直接投资在制造业，金融业正在迅速响应比运输业。
由于大量业务和外国直接投资总额的作用越来越大外国直接投资流量，从而引发东道国及其决定因素进行有效和积极的铺平东道国的外国直接投资政策的方式。特别是，一些理论贡献都强调从生产者服务贸易的潜在利益，在提高生产率方面（[马库森，1989]和[Hodge和Nordås，2001]）。凡贸易是不可行的，外国直接投资可以有类似的效果。我们的研究结果表明，生产者服务业在各种广泛的制造业务上依赖外国，以及庞大的国内市场，而且还对在东道国经济的体制环境等方面
㈤ 什么叫金融服务贸易
金融服务贸易是指通过金融服务业进行的贸易。
从GATS对国际服务贸易的相关定义来看，金融服务贸易可分为四种模式：
(1)跨境交付，指金融服务的提供者在本国向境外的非居民消费者提供服务，它是基于信息技术的发展和网络化的普及而实现的跨越国界的远程交易；
(2)境外消费，指金融服务的提供者在本国向当地的非居民提供服务，例如一国金融机构对到本国境内旅行的外国消费者提供服务；
(3)商业存在，指一国的金融机构到其他国家设立商业机构或专业机构，如果具有法人资格就可以该国的居民的身份为当地的消费者提供金融服务，这种贸易模式有利于避免跨境交付的限制，迎合了东道国消费者的“本土偏好”，还便于外国金融机构与当地建立长期的业务关系；
(4)自然人流动，指金融服务提供者以自然人形式到境外为当地消费者提供服务。由于境外消费和自然人流动这两种模式在实际的交易中所占份额很小，所以国际金融服务贸易的提供方式主要是跨境交付和商业存在这两种模式。
相比而言，一国开放跨境交付的金融服务贸易一般应满足资本自由流动的需要。而商业存在模式则避开了这一硬性条件，除了稳定资本流动，还能为宏观经济带来一系列直接和间接的利益。但是，从长远看，要实现金融服务贸易全面开放的最大利益，这两种贸易模式的开放必须均衡发展。
㈥ 求几篇关于服务贸易的外文文献，最好带中文翻译，谢谢
能否详细点，或许在网上可以搜到
㈦ 求有关中国服务贸易的外文文献，有带中文翻译的谢谢。
我只找到了网址，希望对你专有帮助属http://www.doc88.com/p-600927563606.html
㈧ 求金融服务贸易竞争力的相关外文文献！！或者免费的查找途径
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