工業革命對英國社會經濟的影響

A. 第一次工業革命對英國社會的影響

The instrial Revolution turned Britain into the workshop of the world.
The instrial Revolution simplified the class structure in Britain.
The instrial Revolution pushed the middle class(the instrial and commercial classes ) to the dominant position in the country.

轉載

急求: 英國工業革命對世界的影響~~~ 是英文的最好~~
懸賞分：20 - 解決時間：2006-11-28 19:46
是英文的最好~~ 不分第一次 第2次
問題補充：英語的需要500多字 麻煩大家各自發表下 也可貼中文的 謝謝了~~
提問者： 嘵嬡 - 試用期 一級
最佳答案
The Instrial Revolution may be defined as the application of power-driven machinery to manufacturing. It had its beginning in remote times, and is still continuing in some places. In the eighteenth century all of western Europe began to instrialize rapidly, but in England the process was most highly accelerated. England's head start may be attributed to the emergence of a number of simultaneous factors.

Britain had burned up her magnificent oak forests in its fireplaces, but large deposits of coal were still available for instrial fuel. There was an abundant labor supply to mine coal and iron, and to man the factories. From the old commercial empire there remained a fleet, and England still possessed colonies to furnish raw materials and act as captive markets for manufactured goods. Tobacco merchants of Glasgow and tea merchants of London and Bristol had capital to invest and the technical know-how derived from the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. Last, but not least important, the insularity of England saved instrial development from being interrupted by war. Soon all western Europe was more or less instrialized, and the coming of electricity and cheap steel after 1850 further speeded the process.

I. The Agricultural Revolution
The English countryside was transformed between 1760 and 1830 as the open-field system of cultivation gave way to compact farms and enclosed fields. The rotation of nitrogen-fixing and cereal crops obviated the necessity of leaving a third or half the land fallow each planting. Another feature of the new farming was the cultivation of turnips and potatoes. Jethro Tull (1674-1741) and Lord Townshend popularized the importance of root crops. Tull's most original contributions were the seed drill and horse hoe. The seed drill allowed a much greater proportion of the seed to germinate by planting it below the surface of the ground out of reach of the birds and wind. ''Turnip'' Townshend was famous for his cultivation of turnips and clover on his estate of Raynham in Norfolk.

He introced the four-course rotation of crops:

wheat
turnips
oats or barley
clover.
Robert Bakewell (1725-1795) pioneered in the field of systematic stock breeding. Prior to this, sheep had been valued for wool and cattle for strength; Bakewell showed how to breed for food quality. Bakewell selected his animals, inbred them, kept elaborate genealogical records, and maintained his stock carefully. He was especially successful with sheep, and before the century's end his principle of inbreeding was well established. Under Bakewell's influence, Coke of Holkham in Norfolk not only improved his own farms, but every year held ''sheep shearings'' to which farmers from all over Europe came for instruction and the exchange of knowledge.

Propaganda for the new agriculture was largely the work of Arthur Young. In 1793 the Board of Agriculture was established, and Arthur Young was its secretary. Although a failure as a practical farmer, he was a great success as a publicist for scientific agriculture. Even George III ploughed some land at Buckingham Palace and asked his friends to call him ''Farmer George.''

II. Technological Change since 1700
The technological changes of the eighteenth century did not appear suddenly. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the methods of making glass, clocks, and chemicals advanced markedly. By 1700 in England, and by 1750 in France, the tendency of the state and the guilds to resist instrialization was weakening. In fact, popular interest in instrialization resembled the wave of enthusiasm elicited by experimental agriculture.

By the beginning of the eighteenth century in England, the use of machines in manufacturing was already widespread. In 1762 Matthew Boulton built a factory which employed more than six hundred workers, and installed a steam engine to supplement power from two large waterwheels which ran a variety of lathes and polishing and grinding machines. In Staffordshire an instry developed which gave the world good cheap pottery; chinaware brought in by the East India Company often furnished a model. Josiah Wedgewood (1730-1795) was one of those who revolutionized the proction and sale of pottery. From 1700 on, the Staffordshire potters used waterwheels or windmills to turn machines which ground and mixed their materials. After 1850 machinery was used extensively in the pottery-making process. The price of crockery fell, and eating and drinking consequently became more hygienic.

The textile instry had some special problems. It took four spinners to keep up with one cotton loom, and ten persons to prepare yarn for one woolen weaver. Spinners were busy, but weavers often had to be idle for lack of yarn. In 1733 John Kay, a Lancashire mechanic, patented his flying shuttle. Weaving could then be done more quickly, but it still was delayed until yarn was available in more abundance. In 1771 Richard Arkwright's ''water frame'' was procing yarn. About the same time, James Hargreaves (d. 1778) patented a spinning jenny on which one operator could spin many threads simultaneously. Then in 1779 Samuel Crompton combined the jenny and the water frame in a machine known as ''Crompton's mule,'' which proced quantities of fine, strong yarn. The yarn famine had come to an end.

Between 1780 and 1860 other textile processes were mechanized. In 1784 a machine was patented which printed patterns on the surface of cotton or linen by means of rollers. In 1894 Northrup proced an automatic loom, and when the power loom became efficient, women replaced men as weavers, although there were still hand weavers in the paisley shawl trade as late as 1850. By 1812 the cost of making cotton yarn had dropped nine-tenths, and by 1800 the number of workers needed to turn wool into yarn had been reced by four-fifths. And by 1840 the labor cost of making the best woolen cloth had fallen by at least half.

A. The Steam Engine
The steam engine provided a landmark in the instrial development of Europe. The first modern steam engine was built by an engineer, Thomas Newcomen, in 1705 to improve the pumping equipment used to eliminate seepage in tin and copper mines. Newcomen's idea was to put a vertical piston and cylinder at the end of a pump handle. He put steam in the cylinder and then condensed it with a spray of cold water; the vacuum created allowed atmospheric pressure to push the piston down. In 1763 James watt, an instrument-maker for Glasgow University, began to make improvements on Newcomen's engine. He made it a reciprocating engine, thus changing it from an atmospheric to a true "steam engine." He also added a crank and flywheel to provide rotary motion.

In 1774 the instrialist Michael Boulton took Watt into partnership, and their firm proced nearly five hundred engines before Watt's patent expired in 1800. Water power continued in use, but the factory was now liberated from the streamside. A Watt engine drove Robert Fulton's experimental steam vessel Clermont up the Hudson in 1807.

B. Electric Power
It was not until 1873 that a dynamo capable of prolonged operation was developed, but as early as 1831 Michael Faraday demonstrated how electricity could be mechanically proced. Through the nineteenth century the use of electric power was limited by small proctive capacity, short transmission lines, and high cost. Up to 1900 the only cheap electricity was that proced by generators making use of falling water in the mountains of southeastern France and northern Italy. Italy, without coal resources, soon had electricity in every village north of Rome. Electric current ran Italian textile looms and, eventually, automobile factories. As early as 1890 Florence boasted the world's first electric streetcar.

The electrification of Europe proceeded apace in the twentieth century. Russia harnessed the Dneiper River and the Irish Free State built power plants on the River Shannon. Germany was supplied with electricity in the 1920's, and by 1936 Great Britain had built an ''electric grid'' completely covering the country. Electricity was a major factor in the phenomenally rapid instrialization of Russia in the 1930's.

C. Railroads
The coming of the railroads greatly facilitated the instrialization of Europe. At mid.eighteenth century the plate or rail track had been in common use for moving coal from the pithead to the colliery or furnace. After 1800 flat tracks were in use outside London, Sheffield, and Munich. With the expansion of commerce, facilities for the movement of goods from the factory to the ports or cities came into pressing demand. In 1801 Richard Trevithick had an engine pulling trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. By 1830 a railway was opened from Liverpool to Manchester; and on this line George Stephenson's ''Rocket'' pulled a train of cars at fourteen miles an hour.

The big railway boom in Britain came in the years 1844 to 1847. The railway builders had to fight vested interests-for example, canal stockholders, turnpike trusts, and horse breeders-but by 1850, aided by cheap iron and better machine tools, a network of railways had been built. By midcentury railroad trains travelling at thirty to fifty miles an hour were not uncommon, and freight steadily became more important than passengers. After 1850 in England the state had to intervene to regulate what amounted to a monopoly of inland transport. But as time went on the British railways developed problems. The First World War (1914-1918) found them suffering from overcapitalization, rising costs, and state regulation.

British success with steam locomotion, however, was enough to encourage the building of railroads in most European countries, often with British capital, equipment, and technicians. Railroads became a standard item of British export. After 1842 France began a railroad system which combined private and public enterprise. The government provided the roadbed and then leased it to a private company which provided the equipment. In Russia, Canada, and the United States, railways served to link communities separated by vast distances. In Germany there were no vast empty spaces, but railroads did help to affect political and economic integration.

D. Advances in Transportation
The internal combustion engine was developed in Europe before 1900, but in the American automobile it came into its own. By mid-twentieth century, middle-class and working-class people owned automobiles in Europe as well as in the United States, and the motorcar began to transform social patterns. It has been said with some truth that Americans in the twentieth century carried on a love affair with their automobiles; certainly motorcars were marketed as sex and status symbols. But at the same time, the growth of the automobile instry created large fields for investment, proced new types of service occupations, and revolutionized road-making. This was true in western Europe as well as in America after the Second World War.

The First World War saw the beginning of commercial aviation. Germany's geographical position and the ban on military aircraft imposed by the peace treaty led to the development of civilian airlines. By 1929 commercial planes were flying out of the European capitals to all important places on the globe. And the day was not far off when airplanes were to eclipse railroad trains as commercial passenger carriers.

E. The Steamship
At the beginning of the nineteenth century the steam-driven ship appeared on the horizon. From 1770 onward various men had experimented with engines in boats in England, Scotland, and the United States. When Robert Fulton's Clermont travelled up the Hudson to Albany, tradition has it, people on the bank seeing the sparks from the smokestack thought the Devil had gone by on a raft. In 1811 Bell built the Comet and ran it for eight years between Glasgow and a port twenty-five miles distant. Two basic economic problems in connection with steam vessels soon came to light. First, the self-propelled ship was more expensive to build and operate than sailing vessels; and second, its boiler and machinery were so bulky that there was little room left for passengers. The technical problems were solved shortly, but the economic aspects took more time. Yet the steamship had some undeniable advantages: lt could not be becalmed, it was not helpless in a storm, and it could arrive and depart under its own power. By the 1840's the North Atlantic was crossed regularly by steamship.

In 1839 Sir Samuel Cunard secured from the British government a contract to carry mails between Liverpool, Halifax, and Boston. The run was a great success, and soon Cunard was operating a regular schele. The tremendous growth of steamship traffic in the last half of the nineteenth century was accompanied by significant improvements in hull design, engines, and fuel. By 1839 the propellor had replaced the paddle wheel, steel replaced iron in the hull, and multi-cylinder engines became available. After 1920 the diesel engine, much smaller and lighter than a steam unit of equal power, marked another major changeover.

III. Communications
A penny post on all letters was inaugurated in Britain in 1840 after it was discovered that handling, not the distance sent, was the critical cost in delivering mall. All letters weighing a half-ounce or less could be carried for an English penny (two cents). By 1875 the Universal Postal Union had been established to facilitate the transmission of mail between foreign countries. In 1871 telegraph cables reached from London to Australia; massages could be flashed halfway around the globe in a matter of minutes, speeding commercial transactions.

Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 transmitted the human voice over a wire, although it was several decades before the telephone became popular. At the end of the century the wireless telegraph became a standard safety device on oceangoing vessels. Radio did not come until 1920; then it was commercially exploited in America to a much greater extent than in Europe. In Europe the broadcasting systems were either operated or closely controlled by the state and did not carry commercial advertising. The world continued to shrink at a great rate as new means of transport and communication speeded the pace of life.

IV. Changing Social Patterns
The Instrial Revolution brought with it an increase in population and urbanization, as well as new social classes. The increase in population was nothing short of dramatic. England and Germany showed a growth rate of something more than one percent annually; at this rate the population would double in about seventy years. In the United States the increase was more than three percent, which might have been disastrous had it not been for a practically empty continent and fabulous natural resources. Only the population of France tended to remain static after the eighteenth century. The general population increase was aided by a greater supply of food made available by the Agricultural Revolution, and by the growth of medical science and public health measures which decreased the death rate and added to the population base.

Until the Instrial Revolution, most of the world's population was rural. However, by mid-nineteenth century, half of the English people lived in cities, and by the end of the century, the same was true of other European countries. Between 1800 and 1950 most large European cities exhibited spectacular growth. At the beginning of the nineteenth century there were scarcely two dozen cities in Europe with a population of 100,000, but by 1900 there were more than 150 cities of this size. The rise of great cities can be accounted for in various ways:

First, instrialization called for the concentration of a work force; and indeed, the factories themselves were often located where coal or some other essential material was available, as the Ruhr in Germany and Lille in northern France.

Second, the necessity for marketing finished goods created great urban centers where there was access to water or railways. Such was the case with Liverpool, Hamburg, Marseilles, and New York.

And third, there was a natural tendency for established political centers such as London, Paris, and Berlin to become centers fort he banking and marketing functions of the new instrialism.

Rapid growth of the cities was not an unmixed blessing. The factory towns of England tended to become rookeries of jerry-built tenements, while the mining towns became long monotonous rows of company-built cottages, furnishing minimal shelter and little more. The bad living conditions in the towns can be traced to lack of good brick, the absence of building codes, and the lack of machinery for public sanitation. But, it must be added, they were also e to the factory owners' tendency to regard laborers as commodities and not as a group of human beings.

In addition to a new factory-owning bourgeoisie, the Instrial Revolution created a new working class. The new class of instrial workers included all the men, women, and children laboring in the textile mills, pottery works, and mines. Often skilled artisans found themselves degraded to routine process laborers as machines began to mass proce the procts formerly made by hand. Generally speaking, wages were low, hours were long, and working conditions unpleasant and dangerous. The instrial workers had helped to pass the Reform Bill of 1832, but they had not been enfranchised by it.
回答者：考拉小巫 - 見習魔法師 二級 11-26 20:37
您覺得最佳答案好不好？ 目前有 1 個人評價

100% （1）
0% （0）

B. 工業革命對英國的影響

1、引起社會結構的重大變革，使社會日益分裂為兩大對立階級——工業資產階級和無產階級；
2、自由主義取代了重商主義；
3、標志世界市場的初步形成；
4、促進近代城市的興起，城市進程加快，人口迅速增長，人們生活方式和思想觀念發生改變；
5、中英鴉片戰爭，使中國開始淪為半殖民地半封建社會。
(2)工業革命對英國社會經濟的影響擴展閱讀
工業革命首先出現於工廠手工業最為發達的棉紡織業。
1733年，機械師凱伊發明了「飛梭」，大大提高了織布的速度，紡紗頓時，供不應求。
1765年，織工哈格里夫斯發明了「珍妮紡織機」的出現首先在棉紡織業引發了發明機器，進行技術革新的連鎖反應，揭開了工業革命的序幕。
從此，在棉紡織業中出現了螺機、水力織布機等先進機器。不久，在採煤、冶金等許多工業部門，也都陸續有了機器生產。隨著機器生產越來越多，原有的動力如，蓄力、水力和風力等已經無法滿足需要。
1785年，瓦特製成的改良型蒸汽機的投入使用，提供了更加便利的動力，得到迅速推廣，大大推動了機器的普及和發展。人類社會由此進入了「蒸汽時代」。
隨著工業生產中機器生產逐漸取代手工操作，傳統的手工業無法適應機器生產的需要，為了更好地進行生產管理，提高效率，資本家開始建造工房，安置機器雇傭工人集中生產，這樣，一種新型的生產組織形式—工廠出現了。
工廠成為工業化生產的最主要組織形式，發揮著日益重要的作用。機器生產的發展，促進了交通運輸事業的革新，為了快捷便利地運送貨物、原料，人們想方設計地改造交通工具。
參考資料來源：網路-工業革命

C. 工業革命給英國帶來了什麼影響

隨著英國君主立憲制的確立，加速了圈地運動，產生了大批無產者。同時海內外貿易和殖容民地的開發，使大量財富集中到英國資產階級手中。另外經典力學、熱力學等學科的理論創新也為工業革命帶來了契機。 工業革命從英國開始不是偶然的，這是有深刻政治前提、社會經濟前提和科學技術前提的。17 世紀中期的英國資產階級革命，推翻了英國的封建專制制度，建立了資產階級和土地貴族聯盟為基礎的君主立憲制度，從而成為世界上第一個確立資產階級政治統治的國家。資產階級利用國家政權加速推行發展資本主義的政策和措施，促進了工業革命各種前提條件的迅速形成。

D. 工業革命對英國的經濟發展有什麼影響

工業革命使英國從手工工場向機器大生產轉變,生產效率躍居世界第一,成為世界工廠專.同時屬由於革命使英國對市場的需求大為擴展,對貨幣原料的需求猛增,開始在世界范圍內尋找產品原料產地和傾銷市場
隨著英國君主立憲制的確立，加速了圈地運動，產生了大批無產者。同時海外貿易和殖民地的開發，使大量財富集中到英國資產階級手中。另外經典力學、熱力學等學科的理論創新也為工業革命帶來了契機。 工業革命從英國開始不是偶然的，這是有深刻政治前提、社會經濟前提和科學技術前提的。17 世紀中期的英國資產階級革命，推翻了英國的封建專制制度，建立了資產階級和土地貴族聯盟為基礎的君主立憲制度，從而成為世界上第一個確立資產階級政治統治的國家。資產階級利用國家政權加速推行發展資本主義的政策和措施，促進了工業革命各種前提條件的迅速形成。

E. 工業革命給英國帶來了怎樣的影響

1、引起社會結構的重大變革，使社會日益分裂為兩大對立階級——工業資產階級和回無產階級；

2、自由主義答取代了重商主義；

3、標志世界市場的初步形成；

4、促進近代城市的興起，城市進程加快，人口迅速增長，人們生活方式和思想觀念發生改變；

5、中英鴉片戰爭，使中國開始淪為半殖民地半封建社會。

(5)工業革命對英國社會經濟的影響擴展閱讀

（1）工業革命是資本主義發展史上的一個重要階段，實現了從傳統農業社會轉向現代工業社會的重要變革。

（2）從生產技術方面來說，它使機器代替了手工勞動；工廠代替了手工工場。

（3)工業革命創造了巨大生產力，使社會面貌發生了翻天覆地的變化 。工業革命同時也是一場深刻的社會關系的變革。它使社會明顯地分裂為兩大對立的階級──工業資產階級和工業無產階級。

（4）資本主義最終戰勝了封建主義。

（5）率先完成工業革命的西方資本主義國家逐步確立起對世界的統治，世界形成了西方先進、東方落後的局面。

（6）帶來了工業污染。

（7）開始了城市化進程。

（8）使弱小國家緩慢地走上了工業化進程。

F. 工業革命對英國社會產生了哪些影響

極大加快了資本主義的發展，使英國走上了工業化道路，增強了英國的綜合國力，鞏固了英國的世界霸主地位。

G. 英國工業革命對經濟的積極和消極影響，詳細

您好
其實英來國的工源業革命帶來的是全球污染的開始，說的簡單點的話是：政治手段加速對外擴張，開拓殖民地與新市場，資本家在國內地位越發重要，同時無產階級勢力也開始增大。經濟是生產力快速發展，有能力壟斷多個行業市場，供應及需求與日俱增（供應遠超國內需求），整體水平不斷上升，尋求更廣闊的海外市場。

H. 工業革命對英國的影響是什麼

1、大幅度地提高了社會生產力,豐富了人們的物質生活,鞏固了資本主義各國的統治，資本主義生產制度最終取得了統治地位。

2、促進了新興城市的產生,加快了城市化的進程。

3、促進了科學教育事業的發展和科學共產主義的誕生。

4、先進的生產技術和生產方式傳播到世界各地,猛烈沖擊著舊思想和舊制度，推動了世界工業化的進程。

5、引起了社會結構的重大變革,工業資產階級逐漸成為資產階級的主導部分，無產階級也正式形成。

6、推動了世界市場的形成，為全球各地區、各國和各民族的溝通和未來全球一體化奠定了初步的基礎。

源源不斷地財富，又開啟了英國人的金融改革。新的機構，象銀行、股市開始組建，鼓勵人們前去投資並從中受益。而這些財富，又反過來改變了多數英國人的生活方式。整整一個世紀，整個英國社會的國民生產總值翻了一翻。

(8)工業革命對英國社會經濟的影響擴展閱讀：

工業革命所引發的生產力的巨大飛躍,迫切需要廣闊的市場，但英國工業的發展,在很大程度上還受著封建制度殘余的影響和重商主義束縛，因此英國資產階級迫切要求實現經濟自由.而斯密的自由放任的經濟學理論應運而生。

工業革命後，斯密的自由經濟思變成了自由貿易政策,使資產階級尤其是工業資產階級得了雄厚的經濟實力,工業資產階級實力大大超過土地貴族和商業貴族而成為資產階級的主體。

工業革命也引發了英國經濟結構和人口結構的巨大變化:農業在英國國民經濟中的比重下降到21%,農村人口在全國人口中的比重從18世紀的70%下降到1841年的22%,1851年僅佔14.2%,到19世紀中葉,城市人口已超過全國總人口的50%,英國已從一個農業國變成一個工業國。

I. 工業革命對英國的經濟有什麼影響英國工業革命是如何引起中國歷史發生轉折的

英國工業革命或稱作英國產業革命一般認為是18世紀發源於英格蘭中部地區的工業革命。英國的工業革命影響了整個歐洲大陸，並帶動了當時許多國家相繼發生工業革命。
[編輯本段]背景
隨著英國君主立憲制的確立，加速了圈地運動，產生了大批無產者。同時海外貿易和殖民地的開發，使大量財富集中到英國資產階級手中。另外經典力學、熱力學等學科的理論創新也為工業革命帶來了契機。 工業革命從英國開始不是偶然的，這是有深刻政治前提、社會經濟前提和科學技術前提的。17 世紀中期的英國資產階級革命，推翻了英國的封建專制制度，建立了資產階級和土地貴族聯盟為基礎的君主立憲制度，從而成為世界上第一個確立資產階級政治統治的國家。資產階級利用國家政權加速推行發展資本主義的政策和措施，促進了工業革命各種前提條件的迅速形成。
[編輯本段]歷程
紡織工業
1733年機械師凱伊發明飛梭，大大提高了織布效率。
1764年-1767年紡織工哈格里夫斯發明珍妮紡紗機，提高了紡紗效率。
1769年鍾表匠阿克萊特又發明了水力紡紗機，過了2年，他就在曼徹斯特建立了第一家棉紡廠。
1779年克工人隆普敦又結合兩種紡紗機的優點發明了騾機（mule），後背改良成自動棉紡紗機。
1785年，牧師艾德蒙特?卡特萊特又發明了動力織布機，並且在1791年建造了第一座動力織布機工廠。隨後其他紡織機器相繼發明，實現了紡織行業的機械化生產。當時紡織的動力依靠水力，這限制了工業的發展，於是蒸汽機被發明出來。
1769年詹姆斯?瓦特根據前人的成果，成功發明了單向蒸汽機
1782年又製造出雙向蒸汽機。蒸汽機的出現推動了工業革命的發展。
1800年，英國擁有蒸汽機321台、5210匹馬力
1825年猛增到15000台，375000馬力。
運輸革新
1759年 - 1830年英格蘭2200英里的運河。
1807年，美國人富爾敦發明了汽船
1811年英國也開始仿製。在陸路交通方面
1765年英國開始使用鐵軌
1788年開始架設鐵橋。
1814年史蒂芬遜發明蒸汽機車
1825年於英國的第一條鐵路上試車成功。
1844年，英國鐵路已經長達2235英里。
[編輯本段]影響
從生產技術方面來說，工業革命使工廠制代替了手工工場，用機器代替了手工，創造巨大生產力，人類進入蒸汽時代，英國成為「世界工廠」。
勞動：從社會關系來說，⒈工業革命使依附於落後生產方式的自耕農階級消失了，工業資產階級和工業無產階級形成和壯大起來。
⒉工業革命使資本主義生產方式最終戰勝封建生產方式
⒊轉變了人們的思想觀念和生活方式，大量農村人口湧向城市，推動城市化進程。
⒋人類從農業文明走向工業文明。
世界格局：造成先進的西方和落後的東方，使東方從屬於西方，加快亞、非、拉落後地區的半殖民地化的進程。
對中國的影響：⒈英國發動兩次鴉片戰爭，中國開始淪為半殖民半封建社會
⒉中國成為列強的商品傾銷市場和原料掠奪地，被迫捲入世界資本主義市場。
⒊出現了先進的中國人開眼看世界，向西方學習的新思潮的萌發。
[編輯本段]意義
發源於英國而後波及歐美主要國家的第一次工業革命，具有劃時代的歷史意義，對人類社會的演進產生了空前深刻、巨大的影響。它為新生的資本主頁制度奠定了堅實的物質基礎，促使歐美諸國先後實現工業化，由農業國變成工業國。它為英國提供了歷史機遇，利用工業化先發優勢，確立了「世界工廠」的地位。工業革命給人類帶來了進步和幸福，同時也使人類面臨新的矛盾和挑戰。
資本主義在它不到100年的時間里創造的生產力遠遠超過了以前幾個世紀的總和。

J. 論第一次工業革命對英國經濟的影響

1．第一次工業革命使生產力大大提高，市場上的商品越來越豐富，內鞏固了資產階級的統治地容位；
2．英國率先完成工業革命，成為世界上第一個工業國家，機器生產代替了手工勞動，科學技術發揮了越來越大的作用，工廠取代手工工場，徹底改變了傳統生產方式；
3.。使英國的國力大大提高，稱為當時世界頭號強國，開啟了「日不落帝國」時代，加速了英國的海外擴張，進一步促進了商品市場的擴大和勞動力、原料的獲取。