⑴ 求有關經濟危機的英語詞彙和一篇英語作文
常見金融英語詞彙一覽,應該有你需要的部分。
financial turmoil/meltdown 金融危機
Federal Reserve 美聯儲
real estate 房地產
share 股票
valuation 股價
equity market 股市
shareholder 股東
macroeconomic 宏觀經濟
saving account 儲蓄帳戶
go under 破產
take a nosedive （股市）大跌
tumble 下跌
big macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盤股
offering,list 上市
bourse 證交所
corporate champion 龍頭企業
Shanghai Exchange 上海證交所
pension fund 養老基金
mutual fund 共同基金
hedge mutual fund 對沖式共同基金
underwriter 保險商
government bond 政府債券
budget 預算
deficit 赤字
delist 摘牌
mongey-loser 虧損企業
inventory 存貨
traded company,trading enterprise 上市公司
stakeholder 利益相關者
transparency 透明度
market fundamentalist 市場經濟基本規則
damage-contral machinery 安全顧問
efficient market 有效市場
intellectual property 知識產權
opportunistic practice 投機行為
entrepreneur 企業家
cook the book 做假帳
regulatory system 監管體系
portfolio 投資組合
money-market 短期資本市場
capital-market 長期資本市場
volatility 波動
diversification 多元化
option 期權
call option 看漲期權
put option 看跌期權
merger 並購
arbitrage 套利
Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉證券交易委員會
dollar standard 美元本位制
bad debt 壞帳
fiscal stimulus 財政刺激
a store of value 保值
transaction currency 結算貨幣
forward exchange 期貨交易
intervention currency 干預貨幣
Treasury bond 財政部公債
current-account 經常項目
pickup in rice 物價上漲
Federal Reserve 美聯儲
inflation 通貨膨脹
deflation 通貨緊縮
tighter credit 緊縮信貸
monetary policy 貨幣政策
foreigh exchange 外匯
spot transaction 即期交易
forward transaction 遠期交易
option forward transaction 擇期交易
swap transaction 調期交易
quote 報價
settlment and delivery 交割
buying rate 買入價
selling rate 賣出價
spread 差幅
contract 合同
at par 平價
premium 升水
discount 貼水
direct quoation method 直接報價法
indirect quoation method 間接報價法
dividend 股息
domestic currency 本幣
floating rate 浮動利率
parent company 母公司
credit swap 互惠貸款
venture capital 風險資本
book value 帳面價值
physical capital 實際資本
IPO(initial public offering) 新股首發；首次公開發行
job machine 就業市場
welfare capitalism 福利資本主義
collective market cap 市場資本總值
golbal corporation 跨國公司
transnational status 跨國優勢
transfer price 轉讓價格
consolidation 兼並
leverage 杠桿
file for bankruptcy 申請破產
lout 救助
take over 收購
buy out 購買(某人的)產權或全部貨物
falter 搖搖欲墜
on the hook 被套住
shore up confidence 提振市場信心
stave off 擋開, 避開,
liquidate assets 資產清算
at fire sale prices 超低價
sell-off 證券的跌價
有關經濟的作文：
Net Economy（網路經濟）
People are talking about the "new economy" It's very They see people face-to-face at their
job or in stores. People get information from newspapers, radios, televisions, reference books and the library.
In the new economy, people do business through the "net", which is a connection of millions of computers everywhere in the world. In the new economy, workers often work at home. They can get information on-line. They can communicate with employers and co-workers by e-mail. Customers
shop on-line. Businesses have "virtual stores". They are websites on which customers can see the procts. Businesses can sell to customers anywhere in the world.
In the new economy, people live a fast paced, convenient and colorful life. The whole world develops more rapidly than before. But the new economy is a double-edged sword.Its disadvantage is also obvious. For example, the Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card cheating. Some illegal websites offer some cheap or banned goods or services.On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they want to buy and their card informarion could even be for sale on an illegal website. So peopie in the new economy should be more smart and knowledgeable.
⑵ 經濟危機對中國的影響英語作文 漢語翻譯
第一種
one:the financial crises affected the joint ventures a lot, causing some international instries draw from China
two:some instries in China such as metal and steel instry, some travel agencies, they can't get as much profit as before.
three:the agriculture, especially the export of cotton, further exacerbating the farmers' income
第二種
one;Chinese factory cn't sell things to foreign country because the foreign country don't have enough money
two;Foreigner don't have enough money to travel to China
three;The USA and the whole word's real economy are decaying,it can also affect Chinese' economy
⑶ 如何看待經濟危機——英文
此次經濟危機呢是從美國開始的。從2007年的次貸危機顯現開始。最初，大部分人都覺得這個危機只是美國國內的問題，應該很快就會過去。但是從2008年9月分開始隨著美國的雷曼兄弟破產。人們逐漸認識到了危機的嚴重性。因此中國緊急改變了經濟政策。
雖然這次危機是從美國的次貸危機開始的。但是最終卻演變為全球性的經濟危機。這不得不令我們思考其中的原因。美國利用其金融霸主地位可以很輕易轉嫁危機。所以我們看到這次危機對他國的影響要大於對美國的影響。而這種危機的起源又是因為中國的過渡儲蓄和美國的過度消費引起的。中國因為過渡儲蓄造成內需不足，而且生產過剩。所以美國的需求下降對中國的出口打擊很大。
但是，經濟危機的出現是符合經濟周期的。也就是說經濟出現危機是周期性出現的。我們也就沒有必要過於悲觀。也就是說雖然出口減少，但是這並不意味著所以的商品出口都是減少的。
危機使得高端的奢侈消費會受到最大的打擊。但是，另外的一些生活必須品美國仍然是需要進口的。雖然美國很可能會採取貿易保護主義。但這會遭到所有國家的反對。
正是因為如此。我就覺得。我們公司是不是要進行一些改革。要有專門的經濟運行的觀察員。隨時收集國際國內的經濟動向。每當經濟很可能下行的時候我們公司就要開始精簡人員，縮小規模。這樣可以減少庫存，對我們公司立於不敗很重要。當然其他一些方面的改革也是不可少的。像縮簡訊息的交換時間。如果每次我們公司上層管理達成一些決定的時候，不是通過開會，而是利用郵箱等更為先進的手段，通知每個員工。讓員工更加清晰我們的公司會更有利於我們的成功。
由於此次的危機已經嚴重影響了我們公司，因此我們必須吸取教訓。
減少庫存是非常重要的。這就要求我們能最及時讓全體工作人員知道當前經濟形勢。我們要擴大我們的銷售范圍。不能局限於少數地區。因為危機的產生往往不是全世界同時，所以當對美出口減少我們必須有其他出口地區。否則對我們公司會不利。
我英語不是很好，所以我就不翻譯了。你可以利用谷歌的翻譯進行。
⑷ the literary influence 儒家思想對中國文學的影響，英文版
Confucianism
Confucianism is created by Confucius. He is a great thinker, ecator, and politician in
ancient China between BC 551 to BC 479. However, he is not someone god, son of god, or prophet. He is only an ordinary people who has hundreds of thousand student in China. And he created the Confucianism theory which is the most influential theory in China and it continue to effect most Chinese in now a day. Some cities in China has the Confucius temple to worship him and regard him as sage. But Confucius was not his real name. It was a courtesy title, a Latinized form of 「Kong Fuzi」, meaning 「Master Kong」. His family name was Kong and his given nameis Qiu. And he styled himself Zhongni. He was born at Zouyi, the State of Lu in ancient China.As one of the greatest thinkers and ecators in the history of China, Confucius』 legacy lies in the following three aspects: Firstly, he compiled and preserved the literary works, The Six Classics, including Shi, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chun Qiu, which are regarded as the classics of Confucianism. The accomplishment makes a large impact on the succession and development of the traditional Chinese culture.
望採納。
⑸ 1929―1933的美國經濟危機 用英文簡單說下
The Great Depression began on "Black Tuesday" with the Wall Street Crash of October, 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. The market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement. Although its causes are still uncertain and controversial, the net effect was a sudden and general loss of confidence in the economic future. The usual explanations include numerous factors, especially high consumer debt, ill-regulated markets that permitted malfeasance by banks and investors, cutbacks in foreign trade, lack of high-growth new instries, and growing wealth inequality, all interacting to create a downward economic spiral of reced spending, falling confidence, and lowered proction.
The initial government response to the crisis exacerbated the situation; protectionist policies like the 1930 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in the U.S. strangled global trade as other nations retaliated against the U.S.[citation needed] Instries that suffered the most included agriculture, mining, and logging as well as rable goods like construction and automobiles that people postponed.The economy eventually recovered from the low point of the winter of 1932-33, with sustained improvement until 1937, when the Recession of 1937 brought back 1934 levels of unemployment.
⑹ 英語作文:關於經濟危機的理解,影響,應對措施
The financial crisis in the "butterfly effect" under the rapid spread of the world. From the United States to China, from Wall Street to the Pearl River Delta, from manufacturing to high technology, from the white-collar workers, are subject to severe financial crisis. Many enterprises in the customs, stop, close, to many white-collar workers laid off, a lot of migrant workers, miners were forced to return home, many university graates means that the unemployed. A month later in 2009 is the Year, I do not see the well-being of firecrackers, fireworks and romantic, looking forward to the New Year. See more entrepreneurs, managers, workers fear, confused, helpless look.
Blessing in disguise, Yan Fu Huo know? The escape came, unable to retain the go. Nothing in the world are the development of the wave-like, there is bound to have peaks and troughs, there are bound to have peaks and troughs. Rare in the face of the economic crisis, many companies have chosen to shrink the front, the defensive; a lot of people tighten up the pocketbook and spending. Enterprises do not only offensive defense, when you prepare defense means that when you start back. Live at home, hand in half a cent to spend, to save money is in, only more money in order to change the quality of life. Fear, confusion and helplessness to escape, defense and rece costs so that you will only make matters worse situation. Only offensive, Endeavor, protest, moving trend is the best choice and to deal with.
Be it business or personal, we must first fully understand the seriousness of the crisis and persistent. There are not trusting to luck that the crisis will not affect you. Qingchao, no eggs will survive? Only early and late, and light weight. The crisis in the latter part of the most difficult, yet now, do not feel that they are very strong,
Do not have to die before the crisis to attack. First of all, as entrepreneurs have to consider cash flow problems. To allow the closure of the fastest growing companies is not a loss, cash flow is drying up. Cash flow and the size of the enterprise, profit, non-well-known and well-known does not matter. The more large enterprises and the more well-known enterprises to pay attention to cash flow. Peace for too long, high-speed economic development in a long time, too much of their profits into the business after the expansion of fixed assets. Not on account of the funds to prepare for the winter. So rare to meet the financial crisis, the fall is often the fastest growth and expansion of the fastest-growing businesses. Not ready for the winter clothes, even if you have a nice summer, winter, you will still frozen to death. The three major U.S. auto giant is the cash flow is drying up and in serious danger together.
To have the opportunity to live. Crisis, the crisis in the organic. This opportunity is not often. This is sufficient funds at the lowest cost of business, merger, the best opportunity for expansion. Small business is the best time to catch up with large enterprises. Peace and prosperity in a variety of small businesses such as the allocation of resources are not large enterprises. Want to go beyond talking the same large enterprises. In front of the crisis, many large enterprises for the steady development of layoffs, shrinking front. Small business must learn how to Zoupian Jian Feng, to take the initiative. Gambling may be dead, may also develop. And so on, a dead end.
As a working group, ring the crisis, so as not to resign, not-for-work, not to change jobs. A large number of business failures, layoffs, a large number of returning migrant workers, next year there are nearly 1,000 million university graates find a job waiting. Be able to do a job that is a very well-being. To resign easy job difficult. Should cherish the current opportunity to work. For are not familiar with the area of greatest temptation not to change jobs easily. Peer different reasons, is the same sales, marketing and selling instant noodles is not the same car. The higher the expectations, the greater the disappointment factor. Of course, if you have the ability to trade irreplaceable, but this time is an opportunity. In the face of crisis often need a hero. To ask whether he is a hero?
To work hard to create more value. Companies often laid off before the Conference of non-essential positions, direct-to-business value-creating fewer jobs; Conference do not have a strong sense of responsibility, complained that more staff, the Conference working hours without doing the work of the staff. Take a look at our posts and is not an option? If so, as soon as possible to find their own jobs, and so on have been laid off, the more difficult to find work. If the work is a busy, but also to strengthen the sense of responsibility to rece complained to create more value. When companies do not like any team has complained that the staff of the existence of emotions. Your high and low salaries, can remain in business, is your attitude toward work and decided to create value is not determined by the leadership. To save more and spend less. Now, "Moon family" more. In the first fall in front of the crisis is "Moonlight family." Have to ask ourselves if the crisis continued a year, you have enough savings? If the crisis continued for three years, you have enough savings? From now on, be able to keep up-to-deposit the money or buy government bonds or al-currency deposits to buy. Heart fear is not pocket the money. "Self-cultivation in order to quiet, frugal and Germany to support", has always been to save the United States and Germany. By this time, frugal financial management is also a kind of way of life, always in the details. Less able to spend less money to spend, be able to cook at home do not eat at the hotel. Be able to buy stores, discount supermarket, the special price of conventional procts that do not buy the proct. Will not be able to send text messages on the phone. Zuo Gongjiao can not walk, can not fight Zuogong Jiao, do not drive can not drive. Will not be able to train on a flight. Can not buy luxury goods do not buy luxury goods. Is not simply to save money clutching his wallet at no cost, but let money more efficiently, with the least money to meet our greatest desire.
To help a friend pay attention to more jobs, more economic help poor friends, relatives, neighbors, before the crisis, the poorer the people become well-off. Bang Bieren is to help themselves. There are difficulties in their turn will come only when there is a friend to help you.
Have confidence in the face of crisis. The Chinese government does not care what will happen, you are not alone. Everyone has confidence in the economic recovery will be faster.
⑺ 求篇英文文章:美國經濟危機對中國的影響,六千字
復制的 和你說一聲
美國經濟危機對中國的影響
主要是對資本市場的沖擊；對我國外匯儲備縮水的影響，進而影響國內部分金融機構的業績。如果我國持有的一些美國公司的債券並且該美國公司面臨倒閉，不言而喻，這部分借款面臨無法收回的風險，畢竟有一些債券是無抵押債券，因此，相關部門就該相應地計提相關損失。
我國歷年持有國外債券的比率不足國際投資總頭寸資產的10％。如果把貸款也考慮其中，這一利率為13.5％（2007年），17.9％（2006年），15.4％（2005年），16.2％（2004年）。國際頭寸資產中主要還是以外匯為主。分別占頭寸總資產比重為66.8％（2007年），64.9％（2006年），67％（2005年），65.6％（2004年）。國際投資的資產負債率分別是35.6％（2007年），38.6％（2006年），39.6％（2005年），40.7％（2004年）。綜合以上數據，說明我國對帶外匯儲備的管理一直保持著謹慎和穩健的投資態度，始終貫徹執行合理有效的風險管理。因此，我們認為美國信貸危機的爆發，即使有國美大投行的倒閉對我國外匯儲備影響是相對有限的。但是如果考慮到美元因素的話，我國外匯儲備受到美元等貶值因素的影響比較大，畢竟我國外匯絕大多數是外匯形式存在。
同時，國內一部分銀行也持有的美國此類公司債務。因此，目前我們需要了解國內外匯儲備中的債券所佔比率以及外管局所持有的債務類別等情況以及國內部分銀行所持有的美國乃至歐洲國家的債券數額和債券的屬性。
另一點值得我們注意的是：如果國外投行的倒閉清算時，畢竟會將其全球投資組合中的資產頭寸進行結算，如果我國的金融資產是其投資組合的一部分，那麼這部分金融資產的拋售勢必又加劇了國內資本市場的緊張局勢，最近港股市場的大跌就應該於此有很大的關系。值得慶幸的是，我國資本市場對外開放程度不高，相信受此影響不會很大，多為心理上的沖擊而已。
目前65家QFII實際規模為106.7億美元，如果未來雷曼正式破產清算，則對於其所持股票的處理將會對部分個股產生沖擊。
如果考慮到QFII所重倉的股票多為優質股票，如果公司基本面未發生變化且遭到QFII大量拋售的話，相信對投資者來說是不錯的介入時機，上周中國中鐵的走勢就說明部分資金本著「人棄我取」投資策略入住中國中鐵H股和A股。
●間接影響：
主要是對我國實體經濟的沖擊；美國次債危機演變成美國的經濟危機，而且號稱「百年一遇」的經濟危機，對美國這樣一個國家經濟的沖擊是非常巨大的。同時，歐元區經濟體經濟同樣會受到嚴重沖擊。而我國雖然金融市場並未全面開放，但我國的經濟目前對外依存度高達60％，而國內出口最大的就是歐元區和美國等經濟發達國家。如果對外出口國家經濟出現大幅下滑，其國際需求的大幅下降勢必影響到我國的出口，而國內月度出口數據正說明此趨勢。然而，我國經濟的一大特點就是出口拉動國內投資，從而推動國內GDP高速增長，如果出口出現了問題，那麼國內固定資產投資必定會受到影響，國內經濟毫無疑問會出現較大幅度的回落。表面上看，我國GDP仍有很大提升空間，因為我國內需還尚未充分激活，未來通過擴大國內消費來刺激經濟發展的潛力還很大。但是目前看這一經濟發展趨勢還需要較長的時間。
原因一：我國產業結構決定我國目前仍處於世界工廠的地位，處於給西方發達國家「打工」這么一個狀態。目前看我國「打工」這塊收入－即未來出口這塊收入受到沖擊顯而易見。同時，有數據表明，我國目前的經濟增長對西方發達國家經濟的彈性比較大，西方發達國家經濟小幅增長就會拉動我國經濟較大幅度增長；反之，西方國家經濟小幅回落勢必對目前國內經濟有較大負面影響。而美國和歐元區是中國的貿易順差主要來源，一旦西方發達經濟體出現衰退，可想而知對中國出口會造成比較大的打擊。
原因二：刺激國內內需以拉動我國GDP增長時機未到。目前我國人均可支配收入還比較低，沒有到達隨意享受生活的條件，尤其在高通脹時期的經濟敏感時期，盲目刺激國內內需更是不明智的；
原因三：國內產業升級以及產業結構調整是需要時間的；
原因四：國內有些行業目前可能面臨生產過剩的尷尬局面。即使前期國內貨幣政策出現松動，也只是緩解部分企業的「燃眉之急」的局面，但未來短期內大幅向市場或者實體經濟注入資金的貨幣政策可能不會出台。
綜合以上，我們判斷，我國經濟會在此次美國經濟危機導致的全球經濟增速減緩甚至負增長時會出現較大幅度的回落，如果考慮到國內目前房地產行業低迷現狀，相信我國經濟回落可能會持續較長時間。
08年以來至今，國家上半年對控制國內通貨膨脹局面制定眾多政策，但似乎對房地產行業並未給予重點「關注」。原因應該是多方面的：一，政府「期盼」已久的房地產價格終於有所回落，屬於良性回調並尚在可控范圍內；二，從上半年出台的幾個針對房市的政策，我們可以看到，政府對房地產行業的「曖昧」態度，一方面不希望房價大跌，一方面又「不太好意思」出面抑制房價的下跌的政策，只能從給老百姓減負，如提高個稅起征點；停徵個體的工商戶管理費和集貿市場管理費等。可以看出政府開始給中國老百姓減負，也就是設法變向地提高老百姓的可支配收入－這一重要環節上。當然，這對穩定我國樓市起到至關重要的作用，會起到激活我國房地產行業剛性需求，有利於我國房地產市場的穩定。從而穩定中國金融市場乃至實體經濟的穩定。 1.中國經濟增長速度放緩趨勢明顯。
中國今明兩年經濟增速放緩將成為大勢所趨，出口以及固定資產投資增速回落是必然趨勢。據亞洲開發銀行16日發布的年度報告《2008年亞洲發展展望更新》預計，中國經濟增速將從2007年的11.9%回落到2008年的10%；2009年中國經濟增速將進一步回落至9.5%。主要原如下，
①由於美國經濟增長放緩，出口增長減速遠超出預期；
②通貨膨脹率升高的趨勢將使政府採取更嚴厲的緊縮貨幣政策，固定資產投資增速放緩、企業倒閉潮出現，工業利潤增長大幅放緩；
③信貸緊縮下房地產市場降溫，可能出現比2008年更為嚴重的危機；
④宏觀調控下，房地產、鋼材、水泥、鋁合金和汽車產業投資增速回落；
⑤每年1000萬個新就業崗位完成很困難。農民工回農村種地回潮，農村隱性失業大量增加；
⑥由於明年油價和電價可能會進一步上調帶來PPI繼續上升的傳導因素，2008年中國全年CPI漲幅預測值從先前的5.5%上調至7%。2009年預測值從2008年4月的5%上調到5.5%；
⑦居民消費增長速度下降，靠消費拉動經濟增長等於「畫餅充飢」。收入的不穩定性增大、股市的負財富效應、城鄉居民收入差距進一步拉大等原因使居民的消費慾望受到抑制。
●美國經濟危機對中國銀行業的影響。
央行的貨幣政策陷入「左右為難」的境地。
目前，在「保增長」和「控制通貨膨脹」之間，央行的貨幣政策「左右為難」。在全球經濟危機下，中國的經濟增長受到抑制，增長率放緩是必然的，但在連續10年的高速增長下的「急剎車」會是一大批企業倒閉和就業的困難，影響社會穩定和諧。但放鬆貨幣政策又使已經比較嚴重的PPI和CPI更加泛濫成災。15日宣布的「兩率」下調市場並不領情就是證明。同樣，人民幣對美元是繼續升值或是貶值也是「兩難」選擇。
經營效益增長出現困難
主要原因：
①在經濟下滑狀態下，銀行的業務拓展空間變窄；
②在居民收入不穩定性加大和貨幣緊縮政策下，存款大量增加與貸款增量減少的矛盾突出，加上貸款基準利率下調0.27個百分點；
③經濟下滑帶來的行業、企業破產倒閉，銀行不良貸款反彈壓力很大（比如房地產貸款下面專門分析）；
④資產泡沫破裂後，銀行的抵押物大量縮水，貸款的抵押率超過「警戒線」，第二還款來源喪失。如房地產抵押、土地抵押、股票質押的貸款最為明顯；
⑤持有美國次級債或對美國破產公司的貸款造成的損失。如中國銀行集團共持有雷曼兄弟控股公司及其子公司發行的債券7,562萬美元；工商銀行對雷曼公司貸款5000萬美元；招商銀行對雷曼貸款8000萬美元；
⑥中國商業銀行在2008年在海外的收購及投資因危機加重，過去的「抄底」行為變成了現在的「墊背」結果。按照高盛的預測，2009年香港H股中資銀行的獲利大約下降4%-8%；規模較小的股份制A股銀行獲利下降幅度更達到8%-13%。
各國央行任何救市行為都會「失靈」。
就在最近兩天，以美聯儲為首的全球央行和金融監管當局各顯神通，為金融體系注入超過3000億美元的流動性。美聯儲過去兩天連續通過回購協議向市場注資1200億美元，這是「911」以來最大規模的注資行動。在美國之後，歐元區、英國、日本、澳大利亞以及瑞士等多個央行也連續採取注資措施。在亞洲，中國大陸和台灣都先後宣布下調存款准備金率或是貸款利率，印尼則宣布下調隔夜回購利率。
但各國央行的努力沒有馬上收到成效，道指、標普500指數、納指、歐洲股市、倫敦股市全線下跌滬深A股金融股拋壓沉重，滬指的十年成本線也岌岌可危。在投資者的信心跌到「冰點」之後，任何的救市措施都會在沉重的拋壓之下，變成「曇花一現」的「綠色風景」。但需要積極的財政政策，今天的印花稅單邊徵收就是較好的救市行為。在投資者信心喪失後，最好是徹底取消印花稅。
●.美國經濟危機對中國房地產行業的影響
在全球經濟危機帶來的經濟下滑趨勢中，中國房地產行業的真正「冬天」和銀行不良貸款風險將在2008年末與2009上半年開始顯現。未來房產業的成交量持續下滑、購房者信心減弱和持幣觀望、空房率持續增加與毛利率下降，將導致開發商遭遇現金流的困擾，銀行業中的房地產不良貸款風險將大為提高。
根據高盛從銀行向65家房產商貸放記錄分析來看，從去年10月樓市調整以來，開發商現金流不足現象，就已逐漸暴露出來；但開發商仍以較高的利率，從國內外的私人投資者吸引了資金。為了籌集現金，國內大牌明星房地產開發商萬科、恆大等都在競相降價銷售，明顯看出珠三角城市的房價已陷入下降趨勢，尤其是同比下降較多的三個城市是深圳、廣州與惠州。中國政府機構在16日表示，8月追蹤70個城市的房價指數首度較前月下滑，上海地區下跌了0.2%。目前，中國各地房價下跌現象越來越普遍，房地產投資進一步萎縮。
此外，曾踴躍投資上海房地產的摩根士丹利，如今卻要拋售部份最頂尖的豪宅，最近大摩旗下的房地產基金將兩棟上海豪宅標售，包括新天地超過100間的商務住宅。此外，大摩原本有興趣買下上海最高樓--上海環球金融中心的樓層，而後也作罷。結合美國的「經濟危機」來看，大摩標售中國房地產有可能是為潛在的流動性危機做准備，它可能也預示著部分外資開始准備撤出中國房地產市場，這將對本在嚴冬中的中國房地產市場「雪上加霜」－－先是開發商面臨償付能力危機，其後是實力不濟的房地產開發商倒閉，進而殃及國內銀行。
●美國經濟危機對中國鋼市的影響
就以剛剛發生的金融事件來說，美聯儲、歐洲央行、英國央行和瑞士央行16日共向金融系統注入超過1800億美元的資金，以緩解流動性不足。然而緩解畢竟只是緩解，危機已經發生，其對世界經濟的消極影響卻正在擴大化。以房地產為首的各行各業都面臨著生產和需求的下滑，對鋼材需求將會出現極大的萎縮。
統計顯示，作為全球第一大鋼材生產國和鋼材出口國，2006年中國的鋼材出口量達到了4300萬噸，2007年達到了6264萬噸，而2008年1-8月份，鋼材出口4184萬噸，同比減少325萬噸，下降7.2%。一旦鋼材出口受到世界鋼材需求極具萎縮影響，必將會把中國國內鋼材產能「供過於求」的程度推升到一個新的高度，屆時國內鋼材行業將會面臨一個長期的下滑局面。
國際經濟危機對中國鋼材的影響不僅僅體現在打擊出口，在中國加入WTO以後，中國的經濟也越來越全球化。世界經濟的衰退，也必將極大的影響中國經濟的發展勢頭。今年上半年，為了抑制通貨膨脹，政府的政策是收緊貨幣流動性。而在國際經濟危機對中國經濟的抑製作用越來越大的的時候，政府又開始逐漸放寬貨幣政策。
幾乎是在美國三大投資銀行一個被收購，一個宣告破產，另一個則出現破產告急，引起美國政府800億美元的注資同時，國內央行的「加息行動」終於因勢而變。9月15日， 央行宣布，9月16日起，下調一年期人民幣貸款基準利率0.27個百分點，其他期限檔次貸款基準利率按照短期多調、長期少調的原則作相應調整，存款基準利率保持不變。9月25日起，除中國工商銀行、中國農業銀行、中國銀行、中國建設銀行、交通銀行和郵政儲蓄銀行暫不下調外，其他存款類金融機構人民幣存款准備金率下調1個百分點，汶川地震重災區地方法人金融機構存款准備金率下調2個百分點。
與以往一樣，政府政策的調整隻是因應經濟發展變化的需要。此前的加息行動是為了防止經濟過熱，此次降息將是為了防止經濟出現衰退。短短半年的時間，政策變化的如此明顯，可見中央已經預感到此次國際經濟危機對中國的巨大影響。
所以筆者斷言，既然此次國際經濟危機對中國的影響巨大，而中央需要通過數次上調兩率才能一直經濟過熱的發生，那麼也必將需要數次下調，才能度過愈演愈烈的經濟危機。
對於中國國內鋼材的生產、銷售和需求來說，「兩率」的下調無疑是一件利好。但由於下游房產、家電、機械製造等等鋼材需求行業的萎靡，「兩率」的下調幾乎可以忽略不計。眾所周知，近期全國各地的房地產價格都出現了明顯的下跌，而下跌通道一旦形成，想要在短時間內恢復市場信心，則是一件非常困難的事情。在國際經濟危機的影響下，中國國內無論是開發商、炒房客，還是購房百姓，都會對房產投資再三審慎。那些整天嚷嚷著救市的開發商和炒房客的唯一目的就是「解套」，繼續追加投資是不可能的事情。這很有可能造成中國房地產業相當長一段時間的低迷。
除了房地產行業以外，中國的出口型經濟也會受到相當嚴重的影響。今年中央提出要把中國的「出口拉動型」經濟轉變為「內需拉動型」經濟，但畢竟目前中國是「出口拉動型」經濟。可以預見到，如果目前國際正在發生的經濟危機真的演變成1923年的「大蕭條」，那些以出口為主中國企業必將受到沉重打擊。
我們都知道，鋼材的需求涉及到各行各業，幾個主要行業的萎縮對鋼材需求的影響之大可想而之。所以筆者認為，在國際經濟危機的大背景之下，中國鋼鐵業將會面臨一到兩年的蕭條時期。
●美國經濟危機對中國航運業的影響
航運業整體為周期性行業，近些年航運市場高點使得船東增加了大量的船舶訂單，即使不考慮需求下降，都足以讓航運業進入下行周期，而基於中金宏觀組對中國和全球經濟未來更加看淡，我們認為航運市場的盛宴已經過去，08年將為周期的頂點。干散貨市場：由於訂單量巨大，將面臨3-4年的下行周期，目前預計09-10年平均BDI為5000和3000點。油輪市場：未來三年的下行周期只在2010年可能會有所反彈，成品油輪運價下行幅度將略好於原油輪。集運市場：在09年將繼續低迷，2010年是否能夠走出低谷尚取決於歐美經濟走勢。給予航運股整體「跑輸大盤」評級，未來建議「迴避強周期，區間交易弱周期」，四季度季節性旺季帶來股價反彈將是出貨機會。我們將中國遠洋、長航油運、中海發展和中海集運盈利預測不同程度下調，同時將中海發展和中遠航運評級從「推薦」下調至「審慎推薦」，中國遠洋和長航油運評級分別從「推薦」和「審慎推薦」下調至「中性」。
⑻ 高分求一篇關於最近經濟危機的英文文章,最好是有評論的```
紐約：經濟危機殃及餐飲業
New York's vaunted restaurant scene is in for some lean times, according to the newest Zagat survey released on Tuesday, with price hikes coming at a time when diners say they are eating out less often and spending less in the face of dire economic conditions.
"Restaurants are clearly feeling the pinch from the economic crisis," said Tim Zagat, founder of the survey now in its 30th year which bases its food, decor and service ratings for some 2,000 restaurants on feedback from restaurant patrons.
But he added that the instry would weather the hard times, just as it did following the 1987 stock market crash and the September 11 attacks.
The pullback was not limited to diners, either, the survey found. Restaurant openings declined for the first time since 2003, down to 119 from last year's 163, and 187 just three years ago.
Nearly 40 percent of the survey's 38,000-plus respondents said they were coping with the shaky economy by eating out less often, and by patronizing less expensive restaurants.
All this in a year in which Zagat found prices up 3.3 percent, or far more than the one percent annual hike that prevailed over the past six years. High-end diners were hit even harder, with a nearly 10 percent tab increase.
The average tab in New York was $40.78, still less than the steepest US total of $44.44 in Las Vegas, and far behind other world capitals such as Paris, Tokyo, and even Toronto.
The bracing findings were one explanation for a spate of new burger, pizza and barbecue places that popped up this year, the survey noted. Even celebrity chefs such as Alain Ducasse and Jean-Georges Vongerichten opened bistros or noodle shops.
Any good news mostly centered around establishments that topped the ratings. Per Se nabbed the top spot for the first time for both food and service, with diners citing an "unforgettable, transcendental gastronomic marathon" -- with an average $303 tab to match.
The ratings cellar was once again reserved for theme restaurants like American Girl Place or Hard Rock Cafe, but celebrity hangout Elaine's scraped bottom with even lower marks for service and décor.
據Zagat調查公司本周二發布的一項最新調查顯示，紐約的高檔餐廳如今可是生意慘淡。受經濟危機和物價上漲的影響，紐約人不再像過去那樣經常「下館子」，餐飲支出也有所減少。
該調查的發起人蒂姆•扎格特說：「餐飲業已明顯感到經濟危機的影響。」這項已有30年歷史的年度調查主要根據食客的反饋評估紐約約2000家餐廳的菜品、裝修和服務。
但扎格特認為，這次餐飲業最終會度過難關，就像挺過1987年的股市崩盤和「9/11」恐怖襲擊一樣。
此外，調查發現，少的還不僅僅是食客，今年紐約新開張的餐館數量自2003年來首次下跌，從去年的163家減少至119家，而三年前則為187家。
在3.8萬多受訪者中，近40%的人稱他們為了應對眼下的經濟危機，已經不經常出去吃飯，或者選擇去較便宜的餐館就餐。
Zagat調查發現，今年紐約的餐飲物價整體上漲了3.3%，大大超過過去六年所保持的1%。其中高端消費者倍受打擊，價格漲幅達到了近10%。
在紐約出去吃一頓飯平均花費為40.78美元，低於全美最高的、拉斯維加斯的44.44美元，比起巴黎、東京甚至多倫多等其它國家的首都則要低得多。
調查指出，這些「鼓舞人心」的發現可以解釋為什麼今年紐約冒出了很多漢堡店、皮薩店和烤肉店。就連阿蘭•杜卡斯和希恩-喬治四•沃格里騰這樣的名廚也開起了小酒館或拉麵館。
好消息大都關於那些在評級中名列前茅的餐館。Per Se首次摘得菜品和服務「雙科冠軍」，食客們對它的評價是「令人難忘、無與倫比的美食享受」，這家餐廳的平均消費為303美元。
主題餐廳「美國女孩」和「滾石咖啡」再次墊底，但名人會所Elanie』s 的服務和裝修這兩項指標得分更低，排在最後一名。
經濟危機：我們老百姓能做些什麼？
Billions of pounds have been wiped off the value of shares after recession fears sparked panic selling across the world. The experts say there is more pain to come - and everyone will eventually feel the impact of the market downturn.
I have shares, should I worry?
If you are still holding stocks and shares in indivial companies you're either a hardy soul or have been burying your head in the sand as the markets have been jittery since the start of the year. "This is fairly late in the day - nervous investors will have already moved into cash or safer investments," says Martin Bamford, an independent financial adviser at Informed Choices.
Baby
If you do hold money in the market you need to decide if it is time to crystallise your losses, or if you have the stomach to sit tight and hope for a recovery. Parents who have invested their child trust fund (CTF) voucher in the stockmarket should not be too alarmed - there are years to go before the money can be withdrawn, or in the case of a stakeholder CTF is moved to safer investments, in which time the market could recover.
I moved my money - will I be OK?
It depends where and when you moved it. Money market funds, which had traditionally been seen as a safe haven for investors, have been falling too, while commodities prices have also been dropping. Property funds are doing badly and even cash accounts, which used to be regarded as the safest of safe places to put your money, have had a bad week with the collapse of Icesave. Fixed-interest securities, which traditionally do well when stock markets fall, have failed to ignite this time round, but Bamford reckons they will bounce soon. But he adds: "There is risk in every type of asset class in a recession."
My pension is invested in the stock market. Should I be worried?
Most people start moving money into safer investments as they near retirement, so those with pensions invested in stocks and shares should still have time on their side. However, Bamford says there will be some people approaching retirement who are still exposed to the markets. "There will be people who have been completely caught out by this," he says. "They might have to reconsider their plans for retirement - the timing and their lifestyle may have to be different."
Earlier this week, Hargreaves Lansdown said the value of personal pensions had fallen by a fifth since last year. The latest wave of falls will have wiped even more off their value. However, the firm's head of pensions research, Tom McPhail, says if you have more than 10 years until retirement the best strategy "is just to ignore what is going on at the moment". He explains: "This will all have probably played out by the time you get to retirement, so you should keep paying your regular contributions to your pension."
I have an occupational pension - will I be hit?
You could be. If it is a defined contribution scheme, where the amount you receive when you retire depends on the performance of the assets in which it is invested, then you are in the same boat as anyone with a personal pension. If you are about to retire the company operating your work pension should have been moving your share of the money into safer assets, so you won't be hit too hard. If you have years to go before you finish work, then there is time for losses to be recovered.
If you have a final salary scheme, where the amount you get is linked to your earnings, then you will be insulated from the falls in the short term, says McPhail. "In the medium term it will have an impact, though. One result that we will see is final salary schemes closing at a faster rate than at the moment."
Ros Altmann, an independent pensions analyst, says most employers are likely to give up on final salary schemes: "Most of them were in deficit before the market falls, and almost all will be now." More worrying, she says, is that if your company fails and you end up having to claim your pension through the Pension Protection Fund, you will only get 90% of what you had saved.
My pension has plummeted and now I have to buy an annuity
Unless you have reached 75, at which point the rules say you have to use your fund to buy an annuity to provide you with an income, you might want to sit tight in case the market recovers. The sum of money you have with which to buy the annuity will determine how much you have to live on for the rest of your life, so you might want to wait to see if your fund recovers some of its value and you can buy a better income. The government is considering suspending the rules so that those who have reached 75 can also wait.
However, McPhail warns: "The risk of not cashing in your investment is that there is no certainty that the market will recover soon." And while you wait for it to bounce back, annuity rates could fall. "If you are keeping your money in the market waiting for a recovery, then keep your eye on annuity rates too," he says.
If you are concerned, it would be wise to take advice.
I don't have shares or a pension - will I be OK?
"It's easy to see it as just problems in the financial markets, but this is going to have a knock-on effect on everybody," says Bamford. "The only questions are to what extent and how long it will take to feel the impact."
As the FTSE falls value is knocked off the UK's biggest companies, leaving them with less money to invest. Instead of expanding their businesses they could start recing staff numbers, leading to rendancies.
Those companies do not exist in a vacuum - they do business with other firms who will also be hit if they start to rein in their spending. Workers everywhere could eventually feel the impact of the downturn.
Is there any good news?
A little. The price of oil has slumped in recent weeks, which should mean cheaper petrol and could ultimately push down gas prices. Interest rates have been cut by 0.5% this week and further cuts are likely as the Bank tries to prop up the UK economy, which is good news for the third of borrowers on tracker mortgages. And while base rate cuts are usually bad news for savers, the fact that banks and building societies are seeking cash means they are still offering attractive interest rates on deposits.
經濟衰退導致的恐慌性拋售導致股票市值被抹去了數十億英鎊。專家們說，這還不算完呢－－最終，每個人都會感受到市場低迷的沖擊。
我是持股人，我該擔心嗎？
如果您手中仍有個別公司的股票，不是心理承受力特強的話，那就是從年初市場動盪的時候開始就一門心思死扛了。馬丁.班福特(Martin Bamford)，Informed Choices公司的獨立財經投資顧問說：「現在已經太晚了，穩健的投資者轉成了現金或更安全的投資領域」。
如果您在市場中資金，那割肉的時候到了；或者，您有安安穩穩坐等經濟恢復的本事。向兒童信託基金投資（CTF）的父母無需太過擔心－－離取出這些錢還有相當長的一段時間，否則，若CTF的持股人把資金轉到更安全的投資項目時，市場可能已經復甦了。
我已經離市，總該沒事了吧？
這要看看您把資金移到了哪裡，什麼時候轉移的。傳統上被投資者們視為安全天堂的貨幣基金同樣在下跌，於此同時，日用品的價格也在下跌。產權基金糟透了，即使是現金賬戶，這個曾被認為是最安全存錢地點的地方，也因為Icesave的崩潰經歷了糟糕的一周。固定利率的有價證券，傳統上認為會在證券下跌時表現尚佳的它，這次卻沒有爆發它的小宇宙，但是班福特預計他們會很快反彈。他補充說，「在經濟不景氣中，任何形式的資產都有風險。」
我的退休金都投到了股市，我該擔心嗎？
大多數人在臨近退休時把他們的投資轉成了比較安全的投資方式，所以，這些把退休金投入證券和股票的人此刻仍有時間。然而，, Bamford說，部分臨近退休者仍有暴露於市場危機中的風險。「有些人將完全意識到這一點，他們必須重新審議自己的退休計劃－－不論是在退休時間還是退休後的生活方式上都將被迫變得不同。」
本周早些時候，Hargreaves Lansdown 曾說，個人退休金的價值自去年開始已縮水了五分之一。最近幾天的下跌浪潮使得縮水數值變得更大。退休金研究公司的主管湯姆.麥克菲爾(Tom McPhail)說，如果離退休尚有10年以上，那麼此刻的最佳策略就是「充耳不聞」。他解釋說：「等到退休金開始發放時，很可能這一切都已經過去了，所以您應該保持退休金的繳納。」
我有一份職業養老金－－這會被沖擊嗎？
有可能。如果這是一份界定養老金（defined contribution scheme），在這種養老金中，您的收益和基金的資產投資收益表現掛鉤，就是說，您和任何同樣持有個人養老金的人坐在一條船上。
麥克菲爾說，最終薪金方案（ final salary scheme）中，您的收益和與收入掛鉤，如果您有這項方案，就可以避免短期的下挫。「雖然在中期上仍然會有沖擊。最終我們可以看到的一個結果是，在這段時間，薪金方案關閉速度要得快得多。」
羅斯.奧特曼(Ros Altmann)，獨立退休金分析師。他說，多數的雇員傾向於放棄最終薪金方案：「他們中的多數人在市場下挫之前就已經出現了赤字，現在幾乎全部出現了赤字。」更令人擔憂的事情是，如果您的公司已倒閉，並最終不得不從養老金保障基金（Pension Protection Fund）取出退休金的話，您能得到的只是所存全部金額的90％。
我的退休金暴跌，現在必須去買一份年金（annuity）了。
除非您已經75歲了，處於這種情況下，規定上說您必須用存款買一份年金以提供一份收入，您可以坐等可能出現的市場復甦。您用來買年的資金量將決定您餘生賴以為生的收入，所以，也許您想等等看您的基金價值是否能回彈一些，這樣您的收入就會有所改善。政府正在考慮延緩這些規定，這樣，達到75歲的人群仍可等待一段時間。
然而，麥克菲爾警告說：「投資不兌現的風險在於，市場復甦的明確信號並不存在。」而在您等待經濟反彈的時候，年金收益率可能已經下調了。「如果您把資金放在市場里等待復甦就一定要緊密關注年金收益率。」
如果您理解了這一點，就會知道，採納建議是一種很聰明的方式。
我沒有股票或退休金，總該安全了吧？
班福特說：「單純的金融領域的問題易於發現，但是金融領域的問題會引起連鎖反應，唯一的問題是，范圍會有多大，感受到沖擊需要多長時間。」
富時指數上英國大公司們市值的大跌導致他們可投資資金的減少。無須擴展市場，他們可以開始減少員工的數量，這導致裁員。
這些公司並非存在於真空中－－他們與其他同樣緊縮開支的公司做生意。最終所有的雇員都可以感受到市場低迷的沖擊。
有什麼好消息嗎？
很少。近幾周，石油價格暴跌，這意味著便宜的汽油，最終將導致油價下跌。本周，銀行試圖救市，利率下調了0.5％並有進一步下調的可能，這對貸款追蹤的第三方借貸者來說是個好消息。一般來說，基本利率的下調對於儲蓄者是壞消息，而銀行和建築業正尋求現金這一事件意味著他們仍將為儲蓄提供誘人的利率。
⑼ 近期經濟危機產生的原因、表現及影響（英文）
The market economy under the economic crisis in the cause of the logic analyzer (2008-03-05 10:59:00) tag: Ma Zheng economic crisis as prices first Marxist political economy is a great professional. Second, the Chinese have a tradition of teaching materials, that is, deliberately or who said what in order to enable students to understand. At present, the soaring prices of society again, this is the common people are concerned about the fact that, whether we are willing to call it the media's "structural adjustment" or "inflation." Finally, in order to let you fool (since I am not against anyone, to their seats except) to shut up and I need to stress that I do not have any word that this is my original theory, but following the process from my own The paper, there are other opinions welcome friends from the normal exchanges. Welcome to see the interest, no interest can be disdain, but other public places in this loss too, say what Zhugou than the words. Note: that each of the following arguments are arguments from the current prevailing undergraate textbook, "Principles of Marxist political economy," I will try to specify the arguments of each chapter. 1, according to the "social capital to run the basic principles of" social capital by a total of two categories constitute the first category (that is, proction of capital goods sector) compensation for all procts the second category (that is, the proction and consumption of information sector ) Of the means of proction, in other words, the first category of procts can be achieved through the exchange of 100 per cent. Then the economic crisis occurs, and excess backlog (that is, not through the exchange value of compensation) of goods should belong to the second category, we have the second class of all procts manufactured by II (v + m) to that. 2, according to the "social capital to expand proction precondition for" social capitalists, we set up for personal consumption spending data for the U, workers for personal consumption spending data (equal to the value of the exchange of their wages) to V, also set up community The total number of capitalists to n1, the total number of social workers to n2. There are U n1 + V n2 = II (v + m) above the normal formula that is the economic situation of social consumer goods in total value, that is, capitalists and workers Personal consumption and consumer goods in the total value equal to the sum of all proction of consumer goods can be purchased. 3, according to "objective necessity of capital accumulation," the value of value-added capital is the only impulse that in order to achieve value-added value and expand the scale of proction, possession and further more the value of proction, the capitalists will certainly strengthen the endless exploitation of the labor force for the degree of And raise the level of social proctivity, which has led to labor as a commodity the value of the constant decline in the wages of workers and V also declining. At the same time, with the development of social proctive forces, the proportion of organic composition of capital continued to increase, which led to mass job machine has been replaced by unemployed workers, social workers, the total number of declining n2, fully mechanized, social workers, the sum of personal consumption in the ongoing V n2 Decline. 4, e to the capitalist consumer society was not intended to maintain the survival of indivials and families, but to satisfy their own material on the possessive, according to the marginal effect of the capitalist society of new procts, the purchasing power of the existence of a ceiling. At the same time, e to a certain stage of development of social proctive forces, the level of restrictions proced by the total number of new procts, there is a ceiling, can be seen that a certain period of capitalist society for personal consumption, the total amount of U is the existence of the maximum. And in a capitalist society a certain period of time, the total number n1 is relatively fixed (the first ones, can be expelled from a large number of workers, and workers have a difficult struggle to become capitalists). Overview, capitalist society had spent a total of U n1 existence of the maximum. And most cases can not reach the maximum, because most of the capitalists can not buy all the new procts, so that personal consumption U reach the ceiling. 5, the light of the above, V n2 declining, U n1 relatively fixed or even declined slightly. Therefore, all indivial consumption combined U n1 + V n2 will be getting smaller and smaller, and with the development of proctive forces, the second category of procts with a total value of output II (v + m) on increasing. So, U n1 + V n2 and II (v + m) are expected to grow in the margin. When the gap of over a critical point, a large backlog of consumer goods will not sell (accurately be described as the workers can not afford to buy), business failures, unemployment, economic depression, social proction to a standstill, the economic life of a mess. Cyclical economic crisis arising therefrom.
⑽ 求解十個關於經濟危機的英語單詞，並要求其附上英文解釋
可調整利率抄貸款項目 Option ARMs
房地產泡沫 real estate bubble
房地產泡沫The Housing Bubble
房地產泡沫破滅 the housing bubble busting
經濟衰退 economic declining
經濟危機 economic crisis
市場疲軟 market weak
信用危機 credit risk
系統風險 Systemic Risk
貶值 devaluation
抵押債務 collateralized debt obligations（CDO)
住房抵押貸款證券 mortgage-backed securities（MBS)
貸款欺詐 fraulent loans
次貸危機 Subprime mortgage crisis