⑴ 求關於國際貿易英文文獻（急急急）在線等候
淺探當代國際貿易新理論對我國對外貿易戰略的啟示
在我國對外貿易規模不斷擴大的今天，要想提高我國的國際競爭力，必須重視國際上20世紀70年代以後興起的國際貿易新理論，實施創新的對外貿易戰略，打造具有國際競爭優勢的產業。本文通過研究當代國際貿易理論的新發展對我國外貿發展的啟示，分析探討了我國應該如何制定相應的政策，採取相應的對策來促進我國對外貿易的發展。
一、當代國際貿易理論的新進展
二戰後隨著科學技術的進步和生產力的不斷發展，國際貿易的規模、商品結構和地區分布也發生了很大變化。經濟學家在國際貿易理論研究中不斷探索，20世紀70年代以來先後出現的影響較大的國際貿易新理論有以下幾種：
1、戰略性貿易政策理論
戰略性貿易政策理論產生於2O世紀7O年代以來「新貿易保護主義」盛行的背景之下，由美國經濟學家保羅·克魯格曼等人於2O世紀8O年代中期提出，主要內容包括兩方面：（1）以內部規模經濟為基礎的利潤轉移理論；（2）以外部規模經濟為基礎的外部經濟理論。
2、產業內貿易理論
20世紀70年代格魯貝爾和勞埃德等人開創了產業內貿易理論研究，到20世紀80年代初美國經濟學家克魯格曼進一步推動了這一理論的發展。該理論不同於側重論述產業間貿易的傳統貿易理論，代寫畢業論文它側重研究貿易雙方在同一產業中既出口又進口同類異質產品的產業內貿易。在不完全競爭產業中，規模經濟和產品差異是產業內貿易形成的決定因素。
3、產品生命周期理論
產品生命周期理論由美國銷售學家弗農於1966年首先提出，經威爾斯、赫希哲等人不斷完善。產品生命周期理論認為，由於技術創新和擴散，製成品和生物一樣具有生命周期。產品生命周期包括五個階段：(1)新生期；(2)成長期；(3)成熟期；(4)銷售下降期；(5)讓與期。
4、國家競爭優勢理論
20世紀80年代以來，美國哈佛大學的邁克爾·波特提出並完善了國家競爭優勢理論。國家競爭優勢理論與傳統比較優勢理論和要素稟賦理論不同之處在於，該理論認為一個國家之所以能夠興旺發達，其根本原因在於該國的國際競爭優勢，這種競爭優勢源於一個相互增強的系統，在這個系統中，有四個關鍵因素影響一國在國際市場上建立和保持競爭優勢的能力，這四個因素是：(1)生產要素；(2)國內需求；(3)相關產業；(4)企業戰略、組織和競爭度。
二、當代國際貿易新理論對我國對外貿易戰略的啟示
1、積極轉化國家的競爭優勢
比較優勢是由一國資源稟賦和交易條件所決定的靜態優勢，是獲取競爭優勢的條件。競爭優勢則是一種將潛在優勢轉化為現實優勢的綜合能力的作用結果。比較優勢作為一種潛在優勢，只有最終轉化為競爭優勢，才能形成真正的出口競爭力。根據生產要素稟賦，我國一直以來具有勞動力資源的比較優勢，但是，在當今國際市場上勞動密集型產品的比較優勢並不一定具有國際競爭優勢。要確立把比較優勢轉換為競爭優勢的外貿戰略。
2、高新技術產業發展至關重要
由國際產品生命周期理論可以推知：創新國是國際貿易利益的最大獲益者。這是因為：在產品的新生期和成長期，創新國以其技術優勢壟斷了國內和國際市場，因而可以獲得大量超額壟斷利潤；在產品的成熟期進入所謂的「大規模生產」階段，創新國可以獲得巨額規模經濟效益；在產品的銷售下降期和讓與期，創新國在國外投資建廠，輸出其知識產權和品牌，延長其產品的生命周期，在國際市場上繼續賺取利潤。
3、發展高層次產業內貿易是提高對外貿易競爭力的重要手段
隨著國際經濟貿易的發展，產業內貿易在給各貿易國帶來貿易利益的同時，
Probe into New Theory of International Trade Implications of China Foreign Trade Strategy
Growing scale of foreign trade in China today, in order to enhance China's international competitiveness, must pay attention to the international community 70 years after the 20th century Xingqi new theory of international trade, the implementation of the Duiwaimaoyi innovation strategy, create an international competitive advantage in the instry. This paper studies the contemporary new development of international trade theory enlightenment for the development of China's foreign trade, analysis of how China should formulate corresponding policies and take corresponding measures to promote the development of China's foreign trade.
First, the contemporary theory of international trade, new progress
After World War II with the scientific and technological progress and proctivity of the continuous development of international trade size, structure and regional distribution of goods, great changes have taken place. Theory of international trade economist and continuously explore the 20th century, has emerged since the 70's influential new theory of international trade, the following:
1, Strategic Trade Policy
Strategic trade policy arise from 7O 2O century since the "new trade protectionism," the prevalence of background, the U.S. economist Paul Krugman, who in the mid 8O 2O century, proposed, mainly including two aspects : (1) internal economies of scale-based theory of profit transfer; (2) based on external economies of scale external economic theory.
2, intra-instry trade theory
20th century 70s Grubel and Lloyd, who created the instry trade theory, to the early 20th century U.S. economist Paul Krugman of 80 to further promote the development of this theory. The theory is different from the focus on inter-instry trade paper the traditional trade theory, on behalf of my thesis research is focused on trade, both sides in the same instry, the export of procts they import the same heterogeneous instry trade. Not perfectly competitive instries, economies of scale and proct differentiation is the formation of intra-instry trade determinants.
3, the proct life cycle theory
Proct life cycle theory Sales Vernon by the United States first proposed in 1966 by Prince, He Xizhe and others improved. Proct life cycle theory, as technological innovation and diffusion, and biological procts, like life-cycle. Proct life cycle consists of five stages: (1) Neonatal; (2) growth stage; (3) maturity; (4) decline of sales; (5) for and on.
4, Competitive Advantage of Nations
Since the 80s of the 20th century, Harvard's Michael Porter and improve the Competitive Advantage of Nations. Competitive Advantage of Nations and the traditional theory of comparative advantage and factor endowments theory of difference is, the theory that a country has been able to flourish, and the fundamental reason is the country's international competitive advantage, this competitive advantage derived from a mutually reinforcing system, in this system, there are four key factors that affect a country in the international market, establish and maintain a competitive edge in the ability of these four factors are: (1) factors of proction; (2) domestic demand; (3) related instries ; (4) business strategy, organizational and competitive degree.
Second, the contemporary theory of international trade on China's foreign trade strategy for new inspiration
1, the positive transformation of the national competitive advantage
Comparative advantage in natural resources by a country and trading conditions determine the static strengths are the conditions for competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is a way to advantage the potential into real ability to effect the comprehensive results. Comparative advantage as a potential advantage, only the final into a competitive advantage, to form a real export competitiveness. According to the proction factor endowment, along with China's comparative advantage in labor resources, but in today's international market, the comparative advantage of labor-intensive procts do not necessarily have an international competitive advantage. To establish the comparative advantages into competitive advantages in foreign trade strategy.
2, high-tech instries vital to the development
By the international proct life cycle theory can be deced: Innovation is the international trade interests of the country's biggest winners. This is because: the proct of Neonatal and growth, innovation and technical superiority of its state monopoly of domestic and international markets, and thus get a lot of excess monopoly profits; in proct maturity into the so-called "mass proction" stage, innovation States can get huge economies of scale; in proct sales were down period and give and of innovation invest and build factories in foreign countries, the output of its intellectual property and brand to extend its proct life Zhou Qi, in the international market continue to make a profit.
3, the development of high-level intra-instry trade is to improve the competitiveness of an important means of foreign trade
With the international economic and trade development, intra-instry trade in all trading nations to bring trade interests,
翻譯為：
⑵ 外貿英語翻譯 望大家幫助
Procisional payment 應該是provisional payment吧
臨時付復款
信用證上制體現買方臨時發票上貨物價值98％的賣方即期匯票（電匯），並有條款8中規定的文件，此信用證為有效的。
⑶ 翻譯國際貿易英文
延期交付與處罰:如果買家未按照指定時間交付貨物,延期原因又不屬於本合同第十四條所羅列的"不可抗拒力",買家擁有取消購買合同中相應貨物的權利.
⑷ 求助 幫忙翻譯一下外貿英語 在線等 謝謝大家了
如果需要岸吊，費用由雙方承擔。
⑸ 外貿英語翻譯。謝謝大家幫忙！
How many do you want to order for each style? We have many styles for you to choose from; MOQ for each style is 1400, and only one style can be packed into one carton, no mixing of different styles is allowed.
【英語牛人團內】容
⑹ 求國際貿易方面的英文期刊~~急`~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
International Trade
Global Trade
在google上可以搜到的
⑺ 請用英語描述國際貿易理論有哪些
【International Trade Theories】
【國際貿易的各種理論】
【Adam Smith's model】Adam Smith displays trade taking place on the basis of countries exercising absolute advantage over one another.
【Ricardian model】The Ricardian model focuses on comparative advantage, which arises e to differences in technology or natural resources. The Ricardian model does not directly consider factor endowments, such as the relative amounts of labor and capital within a country.
【Heckscher–Ohlin model】In the early 1900s a theory of international trade was developed by two Swedish economists, Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin. This theory has subsequently been known as the Heckscher–Ohlin model (H–O model). The results of the H–O model are that countries will proce and export goods that require resources (factors) which are relatively abundant and import goods that require resources which are in relative short supply.
【New Trade Theory】New Trade Theory tries to explain empirical elements of trade that comparative advantage-based models above have difficulty with. These include the fact that most trade is between countries with similar factor endowment and proctivity levels, and the large amount of multinational proction (i.e., foreign direct investment) that exists.
Gravity model：The Gravity model of trade presents a more empirical analysis of trading patterns. The gravity model, in its basic form, predicts trade based on the distance between countries and the interaction of the countries' economic sizes. The model mimics the Newtonian law of gravity which also considers distance and physical size between two objects. The model has been proven to be empirically strong through econometric analysis.
【Ricardian theory of international trade (modern development)】The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage became a basic constituent of neoclassical trade theory. Any undergraate course in trade theory includes a presentation of Ricardo's example of a two-commodity, two-country model. A common representation of this model is made using an Edgeworth Box.
【Neo-Ricardian trade theory】The merit of neo-Ricardian trade theory is that input goods are explicitly included. This is in accordance with Sraffa's idea that any commodity is a proct made by means of commodities. The limitation of their theory is that the analysis is restricted to small-country cases.
【Ricardo-Sraffa trade theory】Economist John S. Chipman observed in his survey that McKenzie stumbled upon the questions of intermediate procts and postulated that "introction of trade in intermediate proct necessitates a fundamental alteration in classical analysis".It took many years until Shiozawa succeeded in removing this deficiency.The Ricardian trade theory was now constructed in a form to include intermediate input trade for the most general case of many countries and many goods. Chipman called this the Ricardo-Sraffa trade theory.
【International proction fragmentation trade theory】In his chapter entitled Li & Fung, Ltd.: An agent of global proction (2001), Cheng used Li & Fung Ltd as a case study in the international proction fragmentation trade theory through which procers in different countries are allocated a specialized slice or segment of the value chain of the global proction. Allocations are determined based on "technical feasibility" and the ability to keep the lowest final price possible for each proct.
⑻ 國際貿易方面翻譯英文
一樓的英語還是得繼續努力哈,翻譯可不是拿本中英詞典就能翻譯出來的喔。本人是本科國貿專業的。翻譯如下：
Dear Sirs,
We have learned that you have just stopped using our parts and components. If that's true, we regret to say that we will have to cancel our order both No.111 and No.222.
我方聽說貴公司已經淘汰我方零件。如果是，我方將取消#111#222兩張訂單。
However, we still hope that you can proce our parts and components in Shanghai, which freight and delivery date can be severely curtailed. But as our purchasing system is quite strict, any change in origin of our parts and components must be tested and certificated by technical dapartment, and pass the samples test, quality test, quality authentication and other precesses independently so that they can be proced in mass. We wish you can understand that we would not allow to change the origin of the parts and components before the above processes have been done.
另外，我司也歡迎貴司能在上海生產我司的零件，這大大縮減運費和交付期。但是由於我司嚴格的采購制度，采購零件的原產地變更必須經過技術部門的檢驗認可，需要經過新的樣品檢驗和質量檢測和質量認證等等流程，才能批量生產。請貴司能夠理解，所以在此項工作沒有開始前，我司不允許更換此零件的原產地。
With regards.
此致敬禮
Yours faithfully,
signature(署名)