⑴ 求有关经济危机的英语词汇和一篇英语作文
常见金融英语词汇一览,应该有你需要的部分。
financial turmoil/meltdown 金融危机
Federal Reserve 美联储
real estate 房地产
share 股票
valuation 股价
equity market 股市
shareholder 股东
macroeconomic 宏观经济
saving account 储蓄帐户
go under 破产
take a nosedive （股市）大跌
tumble 下跌
big macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盘股
offering,list 上市
bourse 证交所
corporate champion 龙头企业
Shanghai Exchange 上海证交所
pension fund 养老基金
mutual fund 共同基金
hedge mutual fund 对冲式共同基金
underwriter 保险商
government bond 政府债券
budget 预算
deficit 赤字
delist 摘牌
mongey-loser 亏损企业
inventory 存货
traded company,trading enterprise 上市公司
stakeholder 利益相关者
transparency 透明度
market fundamentalist 市场经济基本规则
damage-contral machinery 安全顾问
efficient market 有效市场
intellectual property 知识产权
opportunistic practice 投机行为
entrepreneur 企业家
cook the book 做假帐
regulatory system 监管体系
portfolio 投资组合
money-market 短期资本市场
capital-market 长期资本市场
volatility 波动
diversification 多元化
option 期权
call option 看涨期权
put option 看跌期权
merger 并购
arbitrage 套利
Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会
dollar standard 美元本位制
bad debt 坏帐
fiscal stimulus 财政刺激
a store of value 保值
transaction currency 结算货币
forward exchange 期货交易
intervention currency 干预货币
Treasury bond 财政部公债
current-account 经常项目
pickup in rice 物价上涨
Federal Reserve 美联储
inflation 通货膨胀
deflation 通货紧缩
tighter credit 紧缩信贷
monetary policy 货币政策
foreigh exchange 外汇
spot transaction 即期交易
forward transaction 远期交易
option forward transaction 择期交易
swap transaction 调期交易
quote 报价
settlment and delivery 交割
buying rate 买入价
selling rate 卖出价
spread 差幅
contract 合同
at par 平价
premium 升水
discount 贴水
direct quoation method 直接报价法
indirect quoation method 间接报价法
dividend 股息
domestic currency 本币
floating rate 浮动利率
parent company 母公司
credit swap 互惠贷款
venture capital 风险资本
book value 帐面价值
physical capital 实际资本
IPO(initial public offering) 新股首发；首次公开发行
job machine 就业市场
welfare capitalism 福利资本主义
collective market cap 市场资本总值
golbal corporation 跨国公司
transnational status 跨国优势
transfer price 转让价格
consolidation 兼并
leverage 杠杆
file for bankruptcy 申请破产
lout 救助
take over 收购
buy out 购买(某人的)产权或全部货物
falter 摇摇欲坠
on the hook 被套住
shore up confidence 提振市场信心
stave off 挡开, 避开,
liquidate assets 资产清算
at fire sale prices 超低价
sell-off 证券的跌价
有关经济的作文：
Net Economy（网络经济）
People are talking about the "new economy" It's very They see people face-to-face at their
job or in stores. People get information from newspapers, radios, televisions, reference books and the library.
In the new economy, people do business through the "net", which is a connection of millions of computers everywhere in the world. In the new economy, workers often work at home. They can get information on-line. They can communicate with employers and co-workers by e-mail. Customers
shop on-line. Businesses have "virtual stores". They are websites on which customers can see the procts. Businesses can sell to customers anywhere in the world.
In the new economy, people live a fast paced, convenient and colorful life. The whole world develops more rapidly than before. But the new economy is a double-edged sword.Its disadvantage is also obvious. For example, the Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card cheating. Some illegal websites offer some cheap or banned goods or services.On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they want to buy and their card informarion could even be for sale on an illegal website. So peopie in the new economy should be more smart and knowledgeable.
⑵ 经济危机对中国的影响英语作文 汉语翻译
第一种
one:the financial crises affected the joint ventures a lot, causing some international instries draw from China
two:some instries in China such as metal and steel instry, some travel agencies, they can't get as much profit as before.
three:the agriculture, especially the export of cotton, further exacerbating the farmers' income
第二种
one;Chinese factory cn't sell things to foreign country because the foreign country don't have enough money
two;Foreigner don't have enough money to travel to China
three;The USA and the whole word's real economy are decaying,it can also affect Chinese' economy
⑶ 如何看待经济危机——英文
此次经济危机呢是从美国开始的。从2007年的次贷危机显现开始。最初，大部分人都觉得这个危机只是美国国内的问题，应该很快就会过去。但是从2008年9月分开始随着美国的雷曼兄弟破产。人们逐渐认识到了危机的严重性。因此中国紧急改变了经济政策。
虽然这次危机是从美国的次贷危机开始的。但是最终却演变为全球性的经济危机。这不得不令我们思考其中的原因。美国利用其金融霸主地位可以很轻易转嫁危机。所以我们看到这次危机对他国的影响要大于对美国的影响。而这种危机的起源又是因为中国的过渡储蓄和美国的过度消费引起的。中国因为过渡储蓄造成内需不足，而且生产过剩。所以美国的需求下降对中国的出口打击很大。
但是，经济危机的出现是符合经济周期的。也就是说经济出现危机是周期性出现的。我们也就没有必要过于悲观。也就是说虽然出口减少，但是这并不意味着所以的商品出口都是减少的。
危机使得高端的奢侈消费会受到最大的打击。但是，另外的一些生活必须品美国仍然是需要进口的。虽然美国很可能会采取贸易保护主义。但这会遭到所有国家的反对。
正是因为如此。我就觉得。我们公司是不是要进行一些改革。要有专门的经济运行的观察员。随时收集国际国内的经济动向。每当经济很可能下行的时候我们公司就要开始精简人员，缩小规模。这样可以减少库存，对我们公司立于不败很重要。当然其他一些方面的改革也是不可少的。像缩短信息的交换时间。如果每次我们公司上层管理达成一些决定的时候，不是通过开会，而是利用邮箱等更为先进的手段，通知每个员工。让员工更加清晰我们的公司会更有利于我们的成功。
由于此次的危机已经严重影响了我们公司，因此我们必须吸取教训。
减少库存是非常重要的。这就要求我们能最及时让全体工作人员知道当前经济形势。我们要扩大我们的销售范围。不能局限于少数地区。因为危机的产生往往不是全世界同时，所以当对美出口减少我们必须有其他出口地区。否则对我们公司会不利。
我英语不是很好，所以我就不翻译了。你可以利用谷歌的翻译进行。
⑷ the literary influence 儒家思想对中国文学的影响，英文版
Confucianism
Confucianism is created by Confucius. He is a great thinker, ecator, and politician in
ancient China between BC 551 to BC 479. However, he is not someone god, son of god, or prophet. He is only an ordinary people who has hundreds of thousand student in China. And he created the Confucianism theory which is the most influential theory in China and it continue to effect most Chinese in now a day. Some cities in China has the Confucius temple to worship him and regard him as sage. But Confucius was not his real name. It was a courtesy title, a Latinized form of “Kong Fuzi”, meaning “Master Kong”. His family name was Kong and his given nameis Qiu. And he styled himself Zhongni. He was born at Zouyi, the State of Lu in ancient China.As one of the greatest thinkers and ecators in the history of China, Confucius’ legacy lies in the following three aspects: Firstly, he compiled and preserved the literary works, The Six Classics, including Shi, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chun Qiu, which are regarded as the classics of Confucianism. The accomplishment makes a large impact on the succession and development of the traditional Chinese culture.
望采纳。
⑸ 1929―1933的美国经济危机 用英文简单说下
The Great Depression began on "Black Tuesday" with the Wall Street Crash of October, 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. The market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement. Although its causes are still uncertain and controversial, the net effect was a sudden and general loss of confidence in the economic future. The usual explanations include numerous factors, especially high consumer debt, ill-regulated markets that permitted malfeasance by banks and investors, cutbacks in foreign trade, lack of high-growth new instries, and growing wealth inequality, all interacting to create a downward economic spiral of reced spending, falling confidence, and lowered proction.
The initial government response to the crisis exacerbated the situation; protectionist policies like the 1930 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in the U.S. strangled global trade as other nations retaliated against the U.S.[citation needed] Instries that suffered the most included agriculture, mining, and logging as well as rable goods like construction and automobiles that people postponed.The economy eventually recovered from the low point of the winter of 1932-33, with sustained improvement until 1937, when the Recession of 1937 brought back 1934 levels of unemployment.
⑹ 英语作文:关于经济危机的理解,影响,应对措施
The financial crisis in the "butterfly effect" under the rapid spread of the world. From the United States to China, from Wall Street to the Pearl River Delta, from manufacturing to high technology, from the white-collar workers, are subject to severe financial crisis. Many enterprises in the customs, stop, close, to many white-collar workers laid off, a lot of migrant workers, miners were forced to return home, many university graates means that the unemployed. A month later in 2009 is the Year, I do not see the well-being of firecrackers, fireworks and romantic, looking forward to the New Year. See more entrepreneurs, managers, workers fear, confused, helpless look.
Blessing in disguise, Yan Fu Huo know? The escape came, unable to retain the go. Nothing in the world are the development of the wave-like, there is bound to have peaks and troughs, there are bound to have peaks and troughs. Rare in the face of the economic crisis, many companies have chosen to shrink the front, the defensive; a lot of people tighten up the pocketbook and spending. Enterprises do not only offensive defense, when you prepare defense means that when you start back. Live at home, hand in half a cent to spend, to save money is in, only more money in order to change the quality of life. Fear, confusion and helplessness to escape, defense and rece costs so that you will only make matters worse situation. Only offensive, Endeavor, protest, moving trend is the best choice and to deal with.
Be it business or personal, we must first fully understand the seriousness of the crisis and persistent. There are not trusting to luck that the crisis will not affect you. Qingchao, no eggs will survive? Only early and late, and light weight. The crisis in the latter part of the most difficult, yet now, do not feel that they are very strong,
Do not have to die before the crisis to attack. First of all, as entrepreneurs have to consider cash flow problems. To allow the closure of the fastest growing companies is not a loss, cash flow is drying up. Cash flow and the size of the enterprise, profit, non-well-known and well-known does not matter. The more large enterprises and the more well-known enterprises to pay attention to cash flow. Peace for too long, high-speed economic development in a long time, too much of their profits into the business after the expansion of fixed assets. Not on account of the funds to prepare for the winter. So rare to meet the financial crisis, the fall is often the fastest growth and expansion of the fastest-growing businesses. Not ready for the winter clothes, even if you have a nice summer, winter, you will still frozen to death. The three major U.S. auto giant is the cash flow is drying up and in serious danger together.
To have the opportunity to live. Crisis, the crisis in the organic. This opportunity is not often. This is sufficient funds at the lowest cost of business, merger, the best opportunity for expansion. Small business is the best time to catch up with large enterprises. Peace and prosperity in a variety of small businesses such as the allocation of resources are not large enterprises. Want to go beyond talking the same large enterprises. In front of the crisis, many large enterprises for the steady development of layoffs, shrinking front. Small business must learn how to Zoupian Jian Feng, to take the initiative. Gambling may be dead, may also develop. And so on, a dead end.
As a working group, ring the crisis, so as not to resign, not-for-work, not to change jobs. A large number of business failures, layoffs, a large number of returning migrant workers, next year there are nearly 1,000 million university graates find a job waiting. Be able to do a job that is a very well-being. To resign easy job difficult. Should cherish the current opportunity to work. For are not familiar with the area of greatest temptation not to change jobs easily. Peer different reasons, is the same sales, marketing and selling instant noodles is not the same car. The higher the expectations, the greater the disappointment factor. Of course, if you have the ability to trade irreplaceable, but this time is an opportunity. In the face of crisis often need a hero. To ask whether he is a hero?
To work hard to create more value. Companies often laid off before the Conference of non-essential positions, direct-to-business value-creating fewer jobs; Conference do not have a strong sense of responsibility, complained that more staff, the Conference working hours without doing the work of the staff. Take a look at our posts and is not an option? If so, as soon as possible to find their own jobs, and so on have been laid off, the more difficult to find work. If the work is a busy, but also to strengthen the sense of responsibility to rece complained to create more value. When companies do not like any team has complained that the staff of the existence of emotions. Your high and low salaries, can remain in business, is your attitude toward work and decided to create value is not determined by the leadership. To save more and spend less. Now, "Moon family" more. In the first fall in front of the crisis is "Moonlight family." Have to ask ourselves if the crisis continued a year, you have enough savings? If the crisis continued for three years, you have enough savings? From now on, be able to keep up-to-deposit the money or buy government bonds or al-currency deposits to buy. Heart fear is not pocket the money. "Self-cultivation in order to quiet, frugal and Germany to support", has always been to save the United States and Germany. By this time, frugal financial management is also a kind of way of life, always in the details. Less able to spend less money to spend, be able to cook at home do not eat at the hotel. Be able to buy stores, discount supermarket, the special price of conventional procts that do not buy the proct. Will not be able to send text messages on the phone. Zuo Gongjiao can not walk, can not fight Zuogong Jiao, do not drive can not drive. Will not be able to train on a flight. Can not buy luxury goods do not buy luxury goods. Is not simply to save money clutching his wallet at no cost, but let money more efficiently, with the least money to meet our greatest desire.
To help a friend pay attention to more jobs, more economic help poor friends, relatives, neighbors, before the crisis, the poorer the people become well-off. Bang Bieren is to help themselves. There are difficulties in their turn will come only when there is a friend to help you.
Have confidence in the face of crisis. The Chinese government does not care what will happen, you are not alone. Everyone has confidence in the economic recovery will be faster.
⑺ 求篇英文文章:美国经济危机对中国的影响,六千字
复制的 和你说一声
美国经济危机对中国的影响
主要是对资本市场的冲击；对我国外汇储备缩水的影响，进而影响国内部分金融机构的业绩。如果我国持有的一些美国公司的债券并且该美国公司面临倒闭，不言而喻，这部分借款面临无法收回的风险，毕竟有一些债券是无抵押债券，因此，相关部门就该相应地计提相关损失。
我国历年持有国外债券的比率不足国际投资总头寸资产的10％。如果把贷款也考虑其中，这一利率为13.5％（2007年），17.9％（2006年），15.4％（2005年），16.2％（2004年）。国际头寸资产中主要还是以外汇为主。分别占头寸总资产比重为66.8％（2007年），64.9％（2006年），67％（2005年），65.6％（2004年）。国际投资的资产负债率分别是35.6％（2007年），38.6％（2006年），39.6％（2005年），40.7％（2004年）。综合以上数据，说明我国对带外汇储备的管理一直保持着谨慎和稳健的投资态度，始终贯彻执行合理有效的风险管理。因此，我们认为美国信贷危机的爆发，即使有国美大投行的倒闭对我国外汇储备影响是相对有限的。但是如果考虑到美元因素的话，我国外汇储备受到美元等贬值因素的影响比较大，毕竟我国外汇绝大多数是外汇形式存在。
同时，国内一部分银行也持有的美国此类公司债务。因此，目前我们需要了解国内外汇储备中的债券所占比率以及外管局所持有的债务类别等情况以及国内部分银行所持有的美国乃至欧洲国家的债券数额和债券的属性。
另一点值得我们注意的是：如果国外投行的倒闭清算时，毕竟会将其全球投资组合中的资产头寸进行结算，如果我国的金融资产是其投资组合的一部分，那么这部分金融资产的抛售势必又加剧了国内资本市场的紧张局势，最近港股市场的大跌就应该于此有很大的关系。值得庆幸的是，我国资本市场对外开放程度不高，相信受此影响不会很大，多为心理上的冲击而已。
目前65家QFII实际规模为106.7亿美元，如果未来雷曼正式破产清算，则对于其所持股票的处理将会对部分个股产生冲击。
如果考虑到QFII所重仓的股票多为优质股票，如果公司基本面未发生变化且遭到QFII大量抛售的话，相信对投资者来说是不错的介入时机，上周中国中铁的走势就说明部分资金本着“人弃我取”投资策略入住中国中铁H股和A股。
●间接影响：
主要是对我国实体经济的冲击；美国次债危机演变成美国的经济危机，而且号称“百年一遇”的经济危机，对美国这样一个国家经济的冲击是非常巨大的。同时，欧元区经济体经济同样会受到严重冲击。而我国虽然金融市场并未全面开放，但我国的经济目前对外依存度高达60％，而国内出口最大的就是欧元区和美国等经济发达国家。如果对外出口国家经济出现大幅下滑，其国际需求的大幅下降势必影响到我国的出口，而国内月度出口数据正说明此趋势。然而，我国经济的一大特点就是出口拉动国内投资，从而推动国内GDP高速增长，如果出口出现了问题，那么国内固定资产投资必定会受到影响，国内经济毫无疑问会出现较大幅度的回落。表面上看，我国GDP仍有很大提升空间，因为我国内需还尚未充分激活，未来通过扩大国内消费来刺激经济发展的潜力还很大。但是目前看这一经济发展趋势还需要较长的时间。
原因一：我国产业结构决定我国目前仍处于世界工厂的地位，处于给西方发达国家“打工”这么一个状态。目前看我国“打工”这块收入－即未来出口这块收入受到冲击显而易见。同时，有数据表明，我国目前的经济增长对西方发达国家经济的弹性比较大，西方发达国家经济小幅增长就会拉动我国经济较大幅度增长；反之，西方国家经济小幅回落势必对目前国内经济有较大负面影响。而美国和欧元区是中国的贸易顺差主要来源，一旦西方发达经济体出现衰退，可想而知对中国出口会造成比较大的打击。
原因二：刺激国内内需以拉动我国GDP增长时机未到。目前我国人均可支配收入还比较低，没有到达随意享受生活的条件，尤其在高通胀时期的经济敏感时期，盲目刺激国内内需更是不明智的；
原因三：国内产业升级以及产业结构调整是需要时间的；
原因四：国内有些行业目前可能面临生产过剩的尴尬局面。即使前期国内货币政策出现松动，也只是缓解部分企业的“燃眉之急”的局面，但未来短期内大幅向市场或者实体经济注入资金的货币政策可能不会出台。
综合以上，我们判断，我国经济会在此次美国经济危机导致的全球经济增速减缓甚至负增长时会出现较大幅度的回落，如果考虑到国内目前房地产行业低迷现状，相信我国经济回落可能会持续较长时间。
08年以来至今，国家上半年对控制国内通货膨胀局面制定众多政策，但似乎对房地产行业并未给予重点“关注”。原因应该是多方面的：一，政府“期盼”已久的房地产价格终于有所回落，属于良性回调并尚在可控范围内；二，从上半年出台的几个针对房市的政策，我们可以看到，政府对房地产行业的“暧昧”态度，一方面不希望房价大跌，一方面又“不太好意思”出面抑制房价的下跌的政策，只能从给老百姓减负，如提高个税起征点；停征个体的工商户管理费和集贸市场管理费等。可以看出政府开始给中国老百姓减负，也就是设法变向地提高老百姓的可支配收入－这一重要环节上。当然，这对稳定我国楼市起到至关重要的作用，会起到激活我国房地产行业刚性需求，有利于我国房地产市场的稳定。从而稳定中国金融市场乃至实体经济的稳定。 1.中国经济增长速度放缓趋势明显。
中国今明两年经济增速放缓将成为大势所趋，出口以及固定资产投资增速回落是必然趋势。据亚洲开发银行16日发布的年度报告《2008年亚洲发展展望更新》预计，中国经济增速将从2007年的11.9%回落到2008年的10%；2009年中国经济增速将进一步回落至9.5%。主要原如下，
①由于美国经济增长放缓，出口增长减速远超出预期；
②通货膨胀率升高的趋势将使政府采取更严厉的紧缩货币政策，固定资产投资增速放缓、企业倒闭潮出现，工业利润增长大幅放缓；
③信贷紧缩下房地产市场降温，可能出现比2008年更为严重的危机；
④宏观调控下，房地产、钢材、水泥、铝合金和汽车产业投资增速回落；
⑤每年1000万个新就业岗位完成很困难。农民工回农村种地回潮，农村隐性失业大量增加；
⑥由于明年油价和电价可能会进一步上调带来PPI继续上升的传导因素，2008年中国全年CPI涨幅预测值从先前的5.5%上调至7%。2009年预测值从2008年4月的5%上调到5.5%；
⑦居民消费增长速度下降，靠消费拉动经济增长等于“画饼充饥”。收入的不稳定性增大、股市的负财富效应、城乡居民收入差距进一步拉大等原因使居民的消费欲望受到抑制。
●美国经济危机对中国银行业的影响。
央行的货币政策陷入“左右为难”的境地。
目前，在“保增长”和“控制通货膨胀”之间，央行的货币政策“左右为难”。在全球经济危机下，中国的经济增长受到抑制，增长率放缓是必然的，但在连续10年的高速增长下的“急刹车”会是一大批企业倒闭和就业的困难，影响社会稳定和谐。但放松货币政策又使已经比较严重的PPI和CPI更加泛滥成灾。15日宣布的“两率”下调市场并不领情就是证明。同样，人民币对美元是继续升值或是贬值也是“两难”选择。
经营效益增长出现困难
主要原因：
①在经济下滑状态下，银行的业务拓展空间变窄；
②在居民收入不稳定性加大和货币紧缩政策下，存款大量增加与贷款增量减少的矛盾突出，加上贷款基准利率下调0.27个百分点；
③经济下滑带来的行业、企业破产倒闭，银行不良贷款反弹压力很大（比如房地产贷款下面专门分析）；
④资产泡沫破裂后，银行的抵押物大量缩水，贷款的抵押率超过“警戒线”，第二还款来源丧失。如房地产抵押、土地抵押、股票质押的贷款最为明显；
⑤持有美国次级债或对美国破产公司的贷款造成的损失。如中国银行集团共持有雷曼兄弟控股公司及其子公司发行的债券7,562万美元；工商银行对雷曼公司贷款5000万美元；招商银行对雷曼贷款8000万美元；
⑥中国商业银行在2008年在海外的收购及投资因危机加重，过去的“抄底”行为变成了现在的“垫背”结果。按照高盛的预测，2009年香港H股中资银行的获利大约下降4%-8%；规模较小的股份制A股银行获利下降幅度更达到8%-13%。
各国央行任何救市行为都会“失灵”。
就在最近两天，以美联储为首的全球央行和金融监管当局各显神通，为金融体系注入超过3000亿美元的流动性。美联储过去两天连续通过回购协议向市场注资1200亿美元，这是“911”以来最大规模的注资行动。在美国之后，欧元区、英国、日本、澳大利亚以及瑞士等多个央行也连续采取注资措施。在亚洲，中国大陆和台湾都先后宣布下调存款准备金率或是贷款利率，印尼则宣布下调隔夜回购利率。
但各国央行的努力没有马上收到成效，道指、标普500指数、纳指、欧洲股市、伦敦股市全线下跌沪深A股金融股抛压沉重，沪指的十年成本线也岌岌可危。在投资者的信心跌到“冰点”之后，任何的救市措施都会在沉重的抛压之下，变成“昙花一现”的“绿色风景”。但需要积极的财政政策，今天的印花税单边征收就是较好的救市行为。在投资者信心丧失后，最好是彻底取消印花税。
●.美国经济危机对中国房地产行业的影响
在全球经济危机带来的经济下滑趋势中，中国房地产行业的真正“冬天”和银行不良贷款风险将在2008年末与2009上半年开始显现。未来房产业的成交量持续下滑、购房者信心减弱和持币观望、空房率持续增加与毛利率下降，将导致开发商遭遇现金流的困扰，银行业中的房地产不良贷款风险将大为提高。
根据高盛从银行向65家房产商贷放记录分析来看，从去年10月楼市调整以来，开发商现金流不足现象，就已逐渐暴露出来；但开发商仍以较高的利率，从国内外的私人投资者吸引了资金。为了筹集现金，国内大牌明星房地产开发商万科、恒大等都在竞相降价销售，明显看出珠三角城市的房价已陷入下降趋势，尤其是同比下降较多的三个城市是深圳、广州与惠州。中国政府机构在16日表示，8月追踪70个城市的房价指数首度较前月下滑，上海地区下跌了0.2%。目前，中国各地房价下跌现象越来越普遍，房地产投资进一步萎缩。
此外，曾踊跃投资上海房地产的摩根士丹利，如今却要抛售部份最顶尖的豪宅，最近大摩旗下的房地产基金将两栋上海豪宅标售，包括新天地超过100间的商务住宅。此外，大摩原本有兴趣买下上海最高楼--上海环球金融中心的楼层，而后也作罢。结合美国的“经济危机”来看，大摩标售中国房地产有可能是为潜在的流动性危机做准备，它可能也预示着部分外资开始准备撤出中国房地产市场，这将对本在严冬中的中国房地产市场“雪上加霜”－－先是开发商面临偿付能力危机，其后是实力不济的房地产开发商倒闭，进而殃及国内银行。
●美国经济危机对中国钢市的影响
就以刚刚发生的金融事件来说，美联储、欧洲央行、英国央行和瑞士央行16日共向金融系统注入超过1800亿美元的资金，以缓解流动性不足。然而缓解毕竟只是缓解，危机已经发生，其对世界经济的消极影响却正在扩大化。以房地产为首的各行各业都面临着生产和需求的下滑，对钢材需求将会出现极大的萎缩。
统计显示，作为全球第一大钢材生产国和钢材出口国，2006年中国的钢材出口量达到了4300万吨，2007年达到了6264万吨，而2008年1-8月份，钢材出口4184万吨，同比减少325万吨，下降7.2%。一旦钢材出口受到世界钢材需求极具萎缩影响，必将会把中国国内钢材产能“供过于求”的程度推升到一个新的高度，届时国内钢材行业将会面临一个长期的下滑局面。
国际经济危机对中国钢材的影响不仅仅体现在打击出口，在中国加入WTO以后，中国的经济也越来越全球化。世界经济的衰退，也必将极大的影响中国经济的发展势头。今年上半年，为了抑制通货膨胀，政府的政策是收紧货币流动性。而在国际经济危机对中国经济的抑制作用越来越大的的时候，政府又开始逐渐放宽货币政策。
几乎是在美国三大投资银行一个被收购，一个宣告破产，另一个则出现破产告急，引起美国政府800亿美元的注资同时，国内央行的“加息行动”终于因势而变。9月15日， 央行宣布，9月16日起，下调一年期人民币贷款基准利率0.27个百分点，其他期限档次贷款基准利率按照短期多调、长期少调的原则作相应调整，存款基准利率保持不变。9月25日起，除中国工商银行、中国农业银行、中国银行、中国建设银行、交通银行和邮政储蓄银行暂不下调外，其他存款类金融机构人民币存款准备金率下调1个百分点，汶川地震重灾区地方法人金融机构存款准备金率下调2个百分点。
与以往一样，政府政策的调整只是因应经济发展变化的需要。此前的加息行动是为了防止经济过热，此次降息将是为了防止经济出现衰退。短短半年的时间，政策变化的如此明显，可见中央已经预感到此次国际经济危机对中国的巨大影响。
所以笔者断言，既然此次国际经济危机对中国的影响巨大，而中央需要通过数次上调两率才能一直经济过热的发生，那么也必将需要数次下调，才能度过愈演愈烈的经济危机。
对于中国国内钢材的生产、销售和需求来说，“两率”的下调无疑是一件利好。但由于下游房产、家电、机械制造等等钢材需求行业的萎靡，“两率”的下调几乎可以忽略不计。众所周知，近期全国各地的房地产价格都出现了明显的下跌，而下跌通道一旦形成，想要在短时间内恢复市场信心，则是一件非常困难的事情。在国际经济危机的影响下，中国国内无论是开发商、炒房客，还是购房百姓，都会对房产投资再三审慎。那些整天嚷嚷着救市的开发商和炒房客的唯一目的就是“解套”，继续追加投资是不可能的事情。这很有可能造成中国房地产业相当长一段时间的低迷。
除了房地产行业以外，中国的出口型经济也会受到相当严重的影响。今年中央提出要把中国的“出口拉动型”经济转变为“内需拉动型”经济，但毕竟目前中国是“出口拉动型”经济。可以预见到，如果目前国际正在发生的经济危机真的演变成1923年的“大萧条”，那些以出口为主中国企业必将受到沉重打击。
我们都知道，钢材的需求涉及到各行各业，几个主要行业的萎缩对钢材需求的影响之大可想而之。所以笔者认为，在国际经济危机的大背景之下，中国钢铁业将会面临一到两年的萧条时期。
●美国经济危机对中国航运业的影响
航运业整体为周期性行业，近些年航运市场高点使得船东增加了大量的船舶订单，即使不考虑需求下降，都足以让航运业进入下行周期，而基于中金宏观组对中国和全球经济未来更加看淡，我们认为航运市场的盛宴已经过去，08年将为周期的顶点。干散货市场：由于订单量巨大，将面临3-4年的下行周期，目前预计09-10年平均BDI为5000和3000点。油轮市场：未来三年的下行周期只在2010年可能会有所反弹，成品油轮运价下行幅度将略好于原油轮。集运市场：在09年将继续低迷，2010年是否能够走出低谷尚取决于欧美经济走势。给予航运股整体“跑输大盘”评级，未来建议“回避强周期，区间交易弱周期”，四季度季节性旺季带来股价反弹将是出货机会。我们将中国远洋、长航油运、中海发展和中海集运盈利预测不同程度下调，同时将中海发展和中远航运评级从“推荐”下调至“审慎推荐”，中国远洋和长航油运评级分别从“推荐”和“审慎推荐”下调至“中性”。
⑻ 高分求一篇关于最近经济危机的英文文章,最好是有评论的```
纽约：经济危机殃及餐饮业
New York's vaunted restaurant scene is in for some lean times, according to the newest Zagat survey released on Tuesday, with price hikes coming at a time when diners say they are eating out less often and spending less in the face of dire economic conditions.
"Restaurants are clearly feeling the pinch from the economic crisis," said Tim Zagat, founder of the survey now in its 30th year which bases its food, decor and service ratings for some 2,000 restaurants on feedback from restaurant patrons.
But he added that the instry would weather the hard times, just as it did following the 1987 stock market crash and the September 11 attacks.
The pullback was not limited to diners, either, the survey found. Restaurant openings declined for the first time since 2003, down to 119 from last year's 163, and 187 just three years ago.
Nearly 40 percent of the survey's 38,000-plus respondents said they were coping with the shaky economy by eating out less often, and by patronizing less expensive restaurants.
All this in a year in which Zagat found prices up 3.3 percent, or far more than the one percent annual hike that prevailed over the past six years. High-end diners were hit even harder, with a nearly 10 percent tab increase.
The average tab in New York was $40.78, still less than the steepest US total of $44.44 in Las Vegas, and far behind other world capitals such as Paris, Tokyo, and even Toronto.
The bracing findings were one explanation for a spate of new burger, pizza and barbecue places that popped up this year, the survey noted. Even celebrity chefs such as Alain Ducasse and Jean-Georges Vongerichten opened bistros or noodle shops.
Any good news mostly centered around establishments that topped the ratings. Per Se nabbed the top spot for the first time for both food and service, with diners citing an "unforgettable, transcendental gastronomic marathon" -- with an average $303 tab to match.
The ratings cellar was once again reserved for theme restaurants like American Girl Place or Hard Rock Cafe, but celebrity hangout Elaine's scraped bottom with even lower marks for service and décor.
据Zagat调查公司本周二发布的一项最新调查显示，纽约的高档餐厅如今可是生意惨淡。受经济危机和物价上涨的影响，纽约人不再像过去那样经常“下馆子”，餐饮支出也有所减少。
该调查的发起人蒂姆•扎格特说：“餐饮业已明显感到经济危机的影响。”这项已有30年历史的年度调查主要根据食客的反馈评估纽约约2000家餐厅的菜品、装修和服务。
但扎格特认为，这次餐饮业最终会度过难关，就像挺过1987年的股市崩盘和“9/11”恐怖袭击一样。
此外，调查发现，少的还不仅仅是食客，今年纽约新开张的餐馆数量自2003年来首次下跌，从去年的163家减少至119家，而三年前则为187家。
在3.8万多受访者中，近40%的人称他们为了应对眼下的经济危机，已经不经常出去吃饭，或者选择去较便宜的餐馆就餐。
Zagat调查发现，今年纽约的餐饮物价整体上涨了3.3%，大大超过过去六年所保持的1%。其中高端消费者倍受打击，价格涨幅达到了近10%。
在纽约出去吃一顿饭平均花费为40.78美元，低于全美最高的、拉斯维加斯的44.44美元，比起巴黎、东京甚至多伦多等其它国家的首都则要低得多。
调查指出，这些“鼓舞人心”的发现可以解释为什么今年纽约冒出了很多汉堡店、皮萨店和烤肉店。就连阿兰•杜卡斯和希恩-乔治四•沃格里腾这样的名厨也开起了小酒馆或拉面馆。
好消息大都关于那些在评级中名列前茅的餐馆。Per Se首次摘得菜品和服务“双科冠军”，食客们对它的评价是“令人难忘、无与伦比的美食享受”，这家餐厅的平均消费为303美元。
主题餐厅“美国女孩”和“滚石咖啡”再次垫底，但名人会所Elanie’s 的服务和装修这两项指标得分更低，排在最后一名。
经济危机：我们老百姓能做些什么？
Billions of pounds have been wiped off the value of shares after recession fears sparked panic selling across the world. The experts say there is more pain to come - and everyone will eventually feel the impact of the market downturn.
I have shares, should I worry?
If you are still holding stocks and shares in indivial companies you're either a hardy soul or have been burying your head in the sand as the markets have been jittery since the start of the year. "This is fairly late in the day - nervous investors will have already moved into cash or safer investments," says Martin Bamford, an independent financial adviser at Informed Choices.
Baby
If you do hold money in the market you need to decide if it is time to crystallise your losses, or if you have the stomach to sit tight and hope for a recovery. Parents who have invested their child trust fund (CTF) voucher in the stockmarket should not be too alarmed - there are years to go before the money can be withdrawn, or in the case of a stakeholder CTF is moved to safer investments, in which time the market could recover.
I moved my money - will I be OK?
It depends where and when you moved it. Money market funds, which had traditionally been seen as a safe haven for investors, have been falling too, while commodities prices have also been dropping. Property funds are doing badly and even cash accounts, which used to be regarded as the safest of safe places to put your money, have had a bad week with the collapse of Icesave. Fixed-interest securities, which traditionally do well when stock markets fall, have failed to ignite this time round, but Bamford reckons they will bounce soon. But he adds: "There is risk in every type of asset class in a recession."
My pension is invested in the stock market. Should I be worried?
Most people start moving money into safer investments as they near retirement, so those with pensions invested in stocks and shares should still have time on their side. However, Bamford says there will be some people approaching retirement who are still exposed to the markets. "There will be people who have been completely caught out by this," he says. "They might have to reconsider their plans for retirement - the timing and their lifestyle may have to be different."
Earlier this week, Hargreaves Lansdown said the value of personal pensions had fallen by a fifth since last year. The latest wave of falls will have wiped even more off their value. However, the firm's head of pensions research, Tom McPhail, says if you have more than 10 years until retirement the best strategy "is just to ignore what is going on at the moment". He explains: "This will all have probably played out by the time you get to retirement, so you should keep paying your regular contributions to your pension."
I have an occupational pension - will I be hit?
You could be. If it is a defined contribution scheme, where the amount you receive when you retire depends on the performance of the assets in which it is invested, then you are in the same boat as anyone with a personal pension. If you are about to retire the company operating your work pension should have been moving your share of the money into safer assets, so you won't be hit too hard. If you have years to go before you finish work, then there is time for losses to be recovered.
If you have a final salary scheme, where the amount you get is linked to your earnings, then you will be insulated from the falls in the short term, says McPhail. "In the medium term it will have an impact, though. One result that we will see is final salary schemes closing at a faster rate than at the moment."
Ros Altmann, an independent pensions analyst, says most employers are likely to give up on final salary schemes: "Most of them were in deficit before the market falls, and almost all will be now." More worrying, she says, is that if your company fails and you end up having to claim your pension through the Pension Protection Fund, you will only get 90% of what you had saved.
My pension has plummeted and now I have to buy an annuity
Unless you have reached 75, at which point the rules say you have to use your fund to buy an annuity to provide you with an income, you might want to sit tight in case the market recovers. The sum of money you have with which to buy the annuity will determine how much you have to live on for the rest of your life, so you might want to wait to see if your fund recovers some of its value and you can buy a better income. The government is considering suspending the rules so that those who have reached 75 can also wait.
However, McPhail warns: "The risk of not cashing in your investment is that there is no certainty that the market will recover soon." And while you wait for it to bounce back, annuity rates could fall. "If you are keeping your money in the market waiting for a recovery, then keep your eye on annuity rates too," he says.
If you are concerned, it would be wise to take advice.
I don't have shares or a pension - will I be OK?
"It's easy to see it as just problems in the financial markets, but this is going to have a knock-on effect on everybody," says Bamford. "The only questions are to what extent and how long it will take to feel the impact."
As the FTSE falls value is knocked off the UK's biggest companies, leaving them with less money to invest. Instead of expanding their businesses they could start recing staff numbers, leading to rendancies.
Those companies do not exist in a vacuum - they do business with other firms who will also be hit if they start to rein in their spending. Workers everywhere could eventually feel the impact of the downturn.
Is there any good news?
A little. The price of oil has slumped in recent weeks, which should mean cheaper petrol and could ultimately push down gas prices. Interest rates have been cut by 0.5% this week and further cuts are likely as the Bank tries to prop up the UK economy, which is good news for the third of borrowers on tracker mortgages. And while base rate cuts are usually bad news for savers, the fact that banks and building societies are seeking cash means they are still offering attractive interest rates on deposits.
经济衰退导致的恐慌性抛售导致股票市值被抹去了数十亿英镑。专家们说，这还不算完呢－－最终，每个人都会感受到市场低迷的冲击。
我是持股人，我该担心吗？
如果您手中仍有个别公司的股票，不是心理承受力特强的话，那就是从年初市场动荡的时候开始就一门心思死扛了。马丁.班福特(Martin Bamford)，Informed Choices公司的独立财经投资顾问说：“现在已经太晚了，稳健的投资者转成了现金或更安全的投资领域”。
如果您在市场中资金，那割肉的时候到了；或者，您有安安稳稳坐等经济恢复的本事。向儿童信托基金投资（CTF）的父母无需太过担心－－离取出这些钱还有相当长的一段时间，否则，若CTF的持股人把资金转到更安全的投资项目时，市场可能已经复苏了。
我已经离市，总该没事了吧？
这要看看您把资金移到了哪里，什么时候转移的。传统上被投资者们视为安全天堂的货币基金同样在下跌，于此同时，日用品的价格也在下跌。产权基金糟透了，即使是现金账户，这个曾被认为是最安全存钱地点的地方，也因为Icesave的崩溃经历了糟糕的一周。固定利率的有价证券，传统上认为会在证券下跌时表现尚佳的它，这次却没有爆发它的小宇宙，但是班福特预计他们会很快反弹。他补充说，“在经济不景气中，任何形式的资产都有风险。”
我的退休金都投到了股市，我该担心吗？
大多数人在临近退休时把他们的投资转成了比较安全的投资方式，所以，这些把退休金投入证券和股票的人此刻仍有时间。然而，, Bamford说，部分临近退休者仍有暴露于市场危机中的风险。“有些人将完全意识到这一点，他们必须重新审议自己的退休计划－－不论是在退休时间还是退休后的生活方式上都将被迫变得不同。”
本周早些时候，Hargreaves Lansdown 曾说，个人退休金的价值自去年开始已缩水了五分之一。最近几天的下跌浪潮使得缩水数值变得更大。退休金研究公司的主管汤姆.麦克菲尔(Tom McPhail)说，如果离退休尚有10年以上，那么此刻的最佳策略就是“充耳不闻”。他解释说：“等到退休金开始发放时，很可能这一切都已经过去了，所以您应该保持退休金的缴纳。”
我有一份职业养老金－－这会被冲击吗？
有可能。如果这是一份界定养老金（defined contribution scheme），在这种养老金中，您的收益和基金的资产投资收益表现挂钩，就是说，您和任何同样持有个人养老金的人坐在一条船上。
麦克菲尔说，最终薪金方案（ final salary scheme）中，您的收益和与收入挂钩，如果您有这项方案，就可以避免短期的下挫。“虽然在中期上仍然会有冲击。最终我们可以看到的一个结果是，在这段时间，薪金方案关闭速度要得快得多。”
罗斯.奥特曼(Ros Altmann)，独立退休金分析师。他说，多数的雇员倾向于放弃最终薪金方案：“他们中的多数人在市场下挫之前就已经出现了赤字，现在几乎全部出现了赤字。”更令人担忧的事情是，如果您的公司已倒闭，并最终不得不从养老金保障基金（Pension Protection Fund）取出退休金的话，您能得到的只是所存全部金额的90％。
我的退休金暴跌，现在必须去买一份年金（annuity）了。
除非您已经75岁了，处于这种情况下，规定上说您必须用存款买一份年金以提供一份收入，您可以坐等可能出现的市场复苏。您用来买年的资金量将决定您余生赖以为生的收入，所以，也许您想等等看您的基金价值是否能回弹一些，这样您的收入就会有所改善。政府正在考虑延缓这些规定，这样，达到75岁的人群仍可等待一段时间。
然而，麦克菲尔警告说：“投资不兑现的风险在于，市场复苏的明确信号并不存在。”而在您等待经济反弹的时候，年金收益率可能已经下调了。“如果您把资金放在市场里等待复苏就一定要紧密关注年金收益率。”
如果您理解了这一点，就会知道，采纳建议是一种很聪明的方式。
我没有股票或退休金，总该安全了吧？
班福特说：“单纯的金融领域的问题易于发现，但是金融领域的问题会引起连锁反应，唯一的问题是，范围会有多大，感受到冲击需要多长时间。”
富时指数上英国大公司们市值的大跌导致他们可投资资金的减少。无须扩展市场，他们可以开始减少员工的数量，这导致裁员。
这些公司并非存在于真空中－－他们与其他同样紧缩开支的公司做生意。最终所有的雇员都可以感受到市场低迷的冲击。
有什么好消息吗？
很少。近几周，石油价格暴跌，这意味着便宜的汽油，最终将导致油价下跌。本周，银行试图救市，利率下调了0.5％并有进一步下调的可能，这对贷款追踪的第三方借贷者来说是个好消息。一般来说，基本利率的下调对于储蓄者是坏消息，而银行和建筑业正寻求现金这一事件意味着他们仍将为储蓄提供诱人的利率。
⑼ 近期经济危机产生的原因、表现及影响（英文）
The market economy under the economic crisis in the cause of the logic analyzer (2008-03-05 10:59:00) tag: Ma Zheng economic crisis as prices first Marxist political economy is a great professional. Second, the Chinese have a tradition of teaching materials, that is, deliberately or who said what in order to enable students to understand. At present, the soaring prices of society again, this is the common people are concerned about the fact that, whether we are willing to call it the media's "structural adjustment" or "inflation." Finally, in order to let you fool (since I am not against anyone, to their seats except) to shut up and I need to stress that I do not have any word that this is my original theory, but following the process from my own The paper, there are other opinions welcome friends from the normal exchanges. Welcome to see the interest, no interest can be disdain, but other public places in this loss too, say what Zhugou than the words. Note: that each of the following arguments are arguments from the current prevailing undergraate textbook, "Principles of Marxist political economy," I will try to specify the arguments of each chapter. 1, according to the "social capital to run the basic principles of" social capital by a total of two categories constitute the first category (that is, proction of capital goods sector) compensation for all procts the second category (that is, the proction and consumption of information sector ) Of the means of proction, in other words, the first category of procts can be achieved through the exchange of 100 per cent. Then the economic crisis occurs, and excess backlog (that is, not through the exchange value of compensation) of goods should belong to the second category, we have the second class of all procts manufactured by II (v + m) to that. 2, according to the "social capital to expand proction precondition for" social capitalists, we set up for personal consumption spending data for the U, workers for personal consumption spending data (equal to the value of the exchange of their wages) to V, also set up community The total number of capitalists to n1, the total number of social workers to n2. There are U n1 + V n2 = II (v + m) above the normal formula that is the economic situation of social consumer goods in total value, that is, capitalists and workers Personal consumption and consumer goods in the total value equal to the sum of all proction of consumer goods can be purchased. 3, according to "objective necessity of capital accumulation," the value of value-added capital is the only impulse that in order to achieve value-added value and expand the scale of proction, possession and further more the value of proction, the capitalists will certainly strengthen the endless exploitation of the labor force for the degree of And raise the level of social proctivity, which has led to labor as a commodity the value of the constant decline in the wages of workers and V also declining. At the same time, with the development of social proctive forces, the proportion of organic composition of capital continued to increase, which led to mass job machine has been replaced by unemployed workers, social workers, the total number of declining n2, fully mechanized, social workers, the sum of personal consumption in the ongoing V n2 Decline. 4, e to the capitalist consumer society was not intended to maintain the survival of indivials and families, but to satisfy their own material on the possessive, according to the marginal effect of the capitalist society of new procts, the purchasing power of the existence of a ceiling. At the same time, e to a certain stage of development of social proctive forces, the level of restrictions proced by the total number of new procts, there is a ceiling, can be seen that a certain period of capitalist society for personal consumption, the total amount of U is the existence of the maximum. And in a capitalist society a certain period of time, the total number n1 is relatively fixed (the first ones, can be expelled from a large number of workers, and workers have a difficult struggle to become capitalists). Overview, capitalist society had spent a total of U n1 existence of the maximum. And most cases can not reach the maximum, because most of the capitalists can not buy all the new procts, so that personal consumption U reach the ceiling. 5, the light of the above, V n2 declining, U n1 relatively fixed or even declined slightly. Therefore, all indivial consumption combined U n1 + V n2 will be getting smaller and smaller, and with the development of proctive forces, the second category of procts with a total value of output II (v + m) on increasing. So, U n1 + V n2 and II (v + m) are expected to grow in the margin. When the gap of over a critical point, a large backlog of consumer goods will not sell (accurately be described as the workers can not afford to buy), business failures, unemployment, economic depression, social proction to a standstill, the economic life of a mess. Cyclical economic crisis arising therefrom.
⑽ 求解十个关于经济危机的英语单词，并要求其附上英文解释
可调整利率抄贷款项目 Option ARMs
房地产泡沫 real estate bubble
房地产泡沫The Housing Bubble
房地产泡沫破灭 the housing bubble busting
经济衰退 economic declining
经济危机 economic crisis
市场疲软 market weak
信用危机 credit risk
系统风险 Systemic Risk
贬值 devaluation
抵押债务 collateralized debt obligations（CDO)
住房抵押贷款证券 mortgage-backed securities（MBS)
贷款欺诈 fraulent loans
次贷危机 Subprime mortgage crisis