⑴ 求关于国际贸易英文文献（急急急）在线等候
浅探当代国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易战略的启示
在我国对外贸易规模不断扩大的今天，要想提高我国的国际竞争力，必须重视国际上20世纪70年代以后兴起的国际贸易新理论，实施创新的对外贸易战略，打造具有国际竞争优势的产业。本文通过研究当代国际贸易理论的新发展对我国外贸发展的启示，分析探讨了我国应该如何制定相应的政策，采取相应的对策来促进我国对外贸易的发展。
一、当代国际贸易理论的新进展
二战后随着科学技术的进步和生产力的不断发展，国际贸易的规模、商品结构和地区分布也发生了很大变化。经济学家在国际贸易理论研究中不断探索，20世纪70年代以来先后出现的影响较大的国际贸易新理论有以下几种：
1、战略性贸易政策理论
战略性贸易政策理论产生于2O世纪7O年代以来“新贸易保护主义”盛行的背景之下，由美国经济学家保罗·克鲁格曼等人于2O世纪8O年代中期提出，主要内容包括两方面：（1）以内部规模经济为基础的利润转移理论；（2）以外部规模经济为基础的外部经济理论。
2、产业内贸易理论
20世纪70年代格鲁贝尔和劳埃德等人开创了产业内贸易理论研究，到20世纪80年代初美国经济学家克鲁格曼进一步推动了这一理论的发展。该理论不同于侧重论述产业间贸易的传统贸易理论，代写毕业论文它侧重研究贸易双方在同一产业中既出口又进口同类异质产品的产业内贸易。在不完全竞争产业中，规模经济和产品差异是产业内贸易形成的决定因素。
3、产品生命周期理论
产品生命周期理论由美国销售学家弗农于1966年首先提出，经威尔斯、赫希哲等人不断完善。产品生命周期理论认为，由于技术创新和扩散，制成品和生物一样具有生命周期。产品生命周期包括五个阶段：(1)新生期；(2)成长期；(3)成熟期；(4)销售下降期；(5)让与期。
4、国家竞争优势理论
20世纪80年代以来，美国哈佛大学的迈克尔·波特提出并完善了国家竞争优势理论。国家竞争优势理论与传统比较优势理论和要素禀赋理论不同之处在于，该理论认为一个国家之所以能够兴旺发达，其根本原因在于该国的国际竞争优势，这种竞争优势源于一个相互增强的系统，在这个系统中，有四个关键因素影响一国在国际市场上建立和保持竞争优势的能力，这四个因素是：(1)生产要素；(2)国内需求；(3)相关产业；(4)企业战略、组织和竞争度。
二、当代国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易战略的启示
1、积极转化国家的竞争优势
比较优势是由一国资源禀赋和交易条件所决定的静态优势，是获取竞争优势的条件。竞争优势则是一种将潜在优势转化为现实优势的综合能力的作用结果。比较优势作为一种潜在优势，只有最终转化为竞争优势，才能形成真正的出口竞争力。根据生产要素禀赋，我国一直以来具有劳动力资源的比较优势，但是，在当今国际市场上劳动密集型产品的比较优势并不一定具有国际竞争优势。要确立把比较优势转换为竞争优势的外贸战略。
2、高新技术产业发展至关重要
由国际产品生命周期理论可以推知：创新国是国际贸易利益的最大获益者。这是因为：在产品的新生期和成长期，创新国以其技术优势垄断了国内和国际市场，因而可以获得大量超额垄断利润；在产品的成熟期进入所谓的“大规模生产”阶段，创新国可以获得巨额规模经济效益；在产品的销售下降期和让与期，创新国在国外投资建厂，输出其知识产权和品牌，延长其产品的生命周期，在国际市场上继续赚取利润。
3、发展高层次产业内贸易是提高对外贸易竞争力的重要手段
随着国际经济贸易的发展，产业内贸易在给各贸易国带来贸易利益的同时，
Probe into New Theory of International Trade Implications of China Foreign Trade Strategy
Growing scale of foreign trade in China today, in order to enhance China's international competitiveness, must pay attention to the international community 70 years after the 20th century Xingqi new theory of international trade, the implementation of the Duiwaimaoyi innovation strategy, create an international competitive advantage in the instry. This paper studies the contemporary new development of international trade theory enlightenment for the development of China's foreign trade, analysis of how China should formulate corresponding policies and take corresponding measures to promote the development of China's foreign trade.
First, the contemporary theory of international trade, new progress
After World War II with the scientific and technological progress and proctivity of the continuous development of international trade size, structure and regional distribution of goods, great changes have taken place. Theory of international trade economist and continuously explore the 20th century, has emerged since the 70's influential new theory of international trade, the following:
1, Strategic Trade Policy
Strategic trade policy arise from 7O 2O century since the "new trade protectionism," the prevalence of background, the U.S. economist Paul Krugman, who in the mid 8O 2O century, proposed, mainly including two aspects : (1) internal economies of scale-based theory of profit transfer; (2) based on external economies of scale external economic theory.
2, intra-instry trade theory
20th century 70s Grubel and Lloyd, who created the instry trade theory, to the early 20th century U.S. economist Paul Krugman of 80 to further promote the development of this theory. The theory is different from the focus on inter-instry trade paper the traditional trade theory, on behalf of my thesis research is focused on trade, both sides in the same instry, the export of procts they import the same heterogeneous instry trade. Not perfectly competitive instries, economies of scale and proct differentiation is the formation of intra-instry trade determinants.
3, the proct life cycle theory
Proct life cycle theory Sales Vernon by the United States first proposed in 1966 by Prince, He Xizhe and others improved. Proct life cycle theory, as technological innovation and diffusion, and biological procts, like life-cycle. Proct life cycle consists of five stages: (1) Neonatal; (2) growth stage; (3) maturity; (4) decline of sales; (5) for and on.
4, Competitive Advantage of Nations
Since the 80s of the 20th century, Harvard's Michael Porter and improve the Competitive Advantage of Nations. Competitive Advantage of Nations and the traditional theory of comparative advantage and factor endowments theory of difference is, the theory that a country has been able to flourish, and the fundamental reason is the country's international competitive advantage, this competitive advantage derived from a mutually reinforcing system, in this system, there are four key factors that affect a country in the international market, establish and maintain a competitive edge in the ability of these four factors are: (1) factors of proction; (2) domestic demand; (3) related instries ; (4) business strategy, organizational and competitive degree.
Second, the contemporary theory of international trade on China's foreign trade strategy for new inspiration
1, the positive transformation of the national competitive advantage
Comparative advantage in natural resources by a country and trading conditions determine the static strengths are the conditions for competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is a way to advantage the potential into real ability to effect the comprehensive results. Comparative advantage as a potential advantage, only the final into a competitive advantage, to form a real export competitiveness. According to the proction factor endowment, along with China's comparative advantage in labor resources, but in today's international market, the comparative advantage of labor-intensive procts do not necessarily have an international competitive advantage. To establish the comparative advantages into competitive advantages in foreign trade strategy.
2, high-tech instries vital to the development
By the international proct life cycle theory can be deced: Innovation is the international trade interests of the country's biggest winners. This is because: the proct of Neonatal and growth, innovation and technical superiority of its state monopoly of domestic and international markets, and thus get a lot of excess monopoly profits; in proct maturity into the so-called "mass proction" stage, innovation States can get huge economies of scale; in proct sales were down period and give and of innovation invest and build factories in foreign countries, the output of its intellectual property and brand to extend its proct life Zhou Qi, in the international market continue to make a profit.
3, the development of high-level intra-instry trade is to improve the competitiveness of an important means of foreign trade
With the international economic and trade development, intra-instry trade in all trading nations to bring trade interests,
翻译为：
⑵ 外贸英语翻译 望大家帮助
Procisional payment 应该是provisional payment吧
临时付复款
信用证上制体现买方临时发票上货物价值98％的卖方即期汇票（电汇），并有条款8中规定的文件，此信用证为有效的。
⑶ 翻译国际贸易英文
延期交付与处罚:如果买家未按照指定时间交付货物,延期原因又不属于本合同第十四条所罗列的"不可抗拒力",买家拥有取消购买合同中相应货物的权利.
⑷ 求助 帮忙翻译一下外贸英语 在线等 谢谢大家了
如果需要岸吊，费用由双方承担。
⑸ 外贸英语翻译。谢谢大家帮忙！
How many do you want to order for each style? We have many styles for you to choose from; MOQ for each style is 1400, and only one style can be packed into one carton, no mixing of different styles is allowed.
【英语牛人团内】容
⑹ 求国际贸易方面的英文期刊~~急`~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
International Trade
Global Trade
在google上可以搜到的
⑺ 请用英语描述国际贸易理论有哪些
【International Trade Theories】
【国际贸易的各种理论】
【Adam Smith's model】Adam Smith displays trade taking place on the basis of countries exercising absolute advantage over one another.
【Ricardian model】The Ricardian model focuses on comparative advantage, which arises e to differences in technology or natural resources. The Ricardian model does not directly consider factor endowments, such as the relative amounts of labor and capital within a country.
【Heckscher–Ohlin model】In the early 1900s a theory of international trade was developed by two Swedish economists, Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin. This theory has subsequently been known as the Heckscher–Ohlin model (H–O model). The results of the H–O model are that countries will proce and export goods that require resources (factors) which are relatively abundant and import goods that require resources which are in relative short supply.
【New Trade Theory】New Trade Theory tries to explain empirical elements of trade that comparative advantage-based models above have difficulty with. These include the fact that most trade is between countries with similar factor endowment and proctivity levels, and the large amount of multinational proction (i.e., foreign direct investment) that exists.
Gravity model：The Gravity model of trade presents a more empirical analysis of trading patterns. The gravity model, in its basic form, predicts trade based on the distance between countries and the interaction of the countries' economic sizes. The model mimics the Newtonian law of gravity which also considers distance and physical size between two objects. The model has been proven to be empirically strong through econometric analysis.
【Ricardian theory of international trade (modern development)】The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage became a basic constituent of neoclassical trade theory. Any undergraate course in trade theory includes a presentation of Ricardo's example of a two-commodity, two-country model. A common representation of this model is made using an Edgeworth Box.
【Neo-Ricardian trade theory】The merit of neo-Ricardian trade theory is that input goods are explicitly included. This is in accordance with Sraffa's idea that any commodity is a proct made by means of commodities. The limitation of their theory is that the analysis is restricted to small-country cases.
【Ricardo-Sraffa trade theory】Economist John S. Chipman observed in his survey that McKenzie stumbled upon the questions of intermediate procts and postulated that "introction of trade in intermediate proct necessitates a fundamental alteration in classical analysis".It took many years until Shiozawa succeeded in removing this deficiency.The Ricardian trade theory was now constructed in a form to include intermediate input trade for the most general case of many countries and many goods. Chipman called this the Ricardo-Sraffa trade theory.
【International proction fragmentation trade theory】In his chapter entitled Li & Fung, Ltd.: An agent of global proction (2001), Cheng used Li & Fung Ltd as a case study in the international proction fragmentation trade theory through which procers in different countries are allocated a specialized slice or segment of the value chain of the global proction. Allocations are determined based on "technical feasibility" and the ability to keep the lowest final price possible for each proct.
⑻ 国际贸易方面翻译英文
一楼的英语还是得继续努力哈,翻译可不是拿本中英词典就能翻译出来的喔。本人是本科国贸专业的。翻译如下：
Dear Sirs,
We have learned that you have just stopped using our parts and components. If that's true, we regret to say that we will have to cancel our order both No.111 and No.222.
我方听说贵公司已经淘汰我方零件。如果是，我方将取消#111#222两张订单。
However, we still hope that you can proce our parts and components in Shanghai, which freight and delivery date can be severely curtailed. But as our purchasing system is quite strict, any change in origin of our parts and components must be tested and certificated by technical dapartment, and pass the samples test, quality test, quality authentication and other precesses independently so that they can be proced in mass. We wish you can understand that we would not allow to change the origin of the parts and components before the above processes have been done.
另外，我司也欢迎贵司能在上海生产我司的零件，这大大缩减运费和交付期。但是由于我司严格的采购制度，采购零件的原产地变更必须经过技术部门的检验认可，需要经过新的样品检验和质量检测和质量认证等等流程，才能批量生产。请贵司能够理解，所以在此项工作没有开始前，我司不允许更换此零件的原产地。
With regards.
此致敬礼
Yours faithfully,
signature(署名)