㈠ 求一篇有关国际贸易的英文版论文
Investment
liberalization
and
international
trade
Abstract
This
paper
estimates
the
cross-price
elasticity
of
exports
with
respect
to
investment
costs
for
bilateral
relations
between
36
countries.
We
show
that
the
effect
of
recing
foreign
direct
investment
costs
on
exports
depends
on
country
characteristics
and
trade
costs
as
predicted
by
the
[Markusen,
1997
and
Markusen,
2002]
model.
When
countries
differ
in
relative
factor
endowments
and
trade
costs
are
low,
investment
liberalization
stimulates
exports,
whereas
when
countries
are
similar
in
terms
of
relative
factor
endowments
and
size,
and
trade
costs
are
moderate
to
high,
investment
liberalization
reces
exports.
Author
Keywords:
Exports;
Foreign
direct
investment;
International
trade;
Investment
costs;
Investment
liberalization
-----------
是一个PDF,你看看摘要,觉得可以我传你.
还有很多,反正就是关于international
trade..
㈡ 帮忙翻译一份英文摘要！！！急！！！谢谢
Along with the world economic and trade integration of the increasing trend, with the growing trend of economic globalization, China has joined the WTO on the agricultural country, variety, low cost of China's agricultural procts go out of the country to participate in international competition will be the inevitable trend, it is a rare historical opportunity, at the same time, the international market gate open, followed by the international non-tariff trade barriers will also be a hitherto unknown strengthened, especially the green trade barriers, this will be on China's agricultural procts go out of the country constitutes a serious challenge. The developed countries to protect human health and the environment as, to limit imports, protection of trade for the purpose, through promulgating and implementing stringent environmental regulations, and stringent environmental technical standards, to restrict our procts import trade. This article from the characteristics of the green trade barriers set out, combine our country national condition the objective situation, analysis of the green trade barriers on China's agricultural proct export's influence, and actively explore effective to break the green trade barrier methods and measures, to improve the quality of agricultural procts and international competitiveness.
㈢ 国际贸易论文摘要高分求翻译 快！急！
between the 1994-2004 11, the year of 1998 in addition to financial capital and small deficit generated by the project, other years the current and capital and finance are surplus. Double surplus of at least fundamentally reflect two main issues. First, the current account surplus indicates that domestic savings are not residents of high good turn through the use of export in the form of foreign flows, to provide for the development of foreign capital. The cause of the Chinese current account surplus of the year, increasing foreign exchange reserves in recent years; On the other hand e to foreign investment rate of return (such as investing in U.S. treasury bonds, etc.) is far lower than China itself, as well as the impact of foreign currency devaluation, Causing the loss of capital gains. Secondly, China is the large scale introction of foreign capital, much of which is in the form of direct investment flowing into China. These direct investment in a large part of investment in the manufacturing, manufacturing of parts and manufacturing exports accounted for a significant proportion, which in turn has increased on China's current account surplus. So how to trade and the utilization of foreign capital in terms of double surplus, how to combine China's domestic economic situation, to resolve double surplus, the effective development of the domestic economy, will be the focus of this study.
key word:double surplus,Trade-oriented,Foreign investment,The expansion of domestic demand,Financial market,最后这个单词不会
㈣ 对外贸易的英文文献 及翻译
我国服务贸易发展的现状与对策
摘要：服务贸易正逐渐成为全球经济竞争的重点。加入WTO以后,我国服务贸易获得了一定的发展,但也存在着一些问题。只有制定有效的措施，才能推动我国服务贸易的发展。
关键词：服务贸易；现状；对策
上世纪末以来，全球经济竞争的重点正从货物贸易转向服务贸易，服务业发达的程度成为衡量现代化水平的重要标志。目前，我国已进入全面建设小康社会的发展阶段，必须大力发展服务业，并把扩大服务业领域的对外开放作为我国更广泛地参与国际竞争、融入经济全球化的重要内容。
一、我国服务贸易的发展现状
近年来，我国服务业实现了持续、稳定、健康发展，服务业的发展促进了服务贸易的增长。1989年我国的服务贸易进出口总额在全世界名列第30位，2000年上升到第12位。但是，由于我国服务贸易起点低、基础差，与发达国家相比仍有很大差距，主要表现在：
1、服务贸易整体水平差
我国服务业总量不足，在国民经济中比重偏低。2001年我国服务业增加值32254亿元，占GDP的比重为33. 6％。与中等收入国家的46%—56%、高收入国家的59％—65%相比，还有很大的差距。服务业落后使我国服务贸易的发展受到很大的制约。2002年我国服务贸易总额为660亿美元，占全球服务贸易总额的2.3％。而同期美国服务贸易总额占全球的16.5％，是我国的7倍多。从总体上看，除旅游等少数行业外，多数服务贸易领域处于逆差状态。加入WTO后，服务贸易逆差有可能进一步扩大．
2、服务贸易内部结构不合理
1995—2002年，我国服务出口总额中，旅游服务一直居于首位，其比重由27. 6％升至36. 5％：金融服务所占比重一直在19％左右；运输服务的比重有所下降，由27. 1％降为19%。而以信息技术为基础的新兴服务业则是明显的弱项，1995年这类产业在服务进口额中所占比重为22. 9％，2001年剧增为52. 4%，是使我国服务贸易逆差日益增大的重要因素。
3、服务贸易管理滞后
由于服务业是由许多相关行业组成的产业群，国际服务贸易涉及的行业范围极广，国际社会要求一国对其国内的服务业进行整体协调和管理。目前，我国对外服务贸易管理体制存在许多缺陷，如中央与地方在服务业对外贸易政策和规章方面还存在一定的差别，服务业多头管理、政出多门甚至相互掣肘的问题还没有完全解决，服务业的统计也不规范，行业标准等方面有许多不符合国际惯例。
4、服务贸易立法不健全
长期以来，我国服务贸易立法严重滞后，虽然近年颁布了《商业银行法》、《保险法》、《海商法》等，但与服务贸易广泛的内涵和国际服务贸易发展的要求相比还存在许多不足。目前我国尚没有一个关于服务业的一般性法律，已有的规定主要表现为各职能部门的规章和内部文件，不仅立法层次较低，而且缺乏协调，从而影响了我国服务贸易立法的统一性和透明度。
二、加入WTO对我国服务贸易的影响
我国加入WTO后，服务业市场将在原有的基础上进一步扩大对外开放，这将对我国服务贸易的发展带来深刻的影响。
1、服务贸易市场化进程进一步加快
放宽限制、开放市场是服务贸易发展的关键。加入WTO，部分服务行业的市场准入，将不再仅仅受国内有关部门的控制，而是要执行我国政府对世贸组织的承诺，这将有利于打破国内部分行业的垄断局面，有利于国内行业学习国外先进的经验，使其提高服务质量和水平，进一步推动我国服务业的发展和国际竞争力的提高。
2、有利于改善我国的投资环境
投资环境不仅仅体现于公路、通信、电力供应等硬件的好坏，越来越多地体现于金融、分销、专业服务等生产性服务的完备与质量等方面。我国服务业总体上落后，而生产性服务更为落后，这正是外国投资者看中我国市场的重要原因。服务业的对外开旅，将吸引更多的外资进入我国服务业，这将有力地促进服务业，特别是生产性服务业的快速发展，改善我国投资的软环境，进而带动国内整个经济的发展。
3、有利于引入新的服务种类
我国服务业的落后，在很大程度上表现为服务种类、品种的缺乏，许多服务领域需要填补“国内空白”。在世界贸易组织划分的143个行业中，我国商业化的税务服务、民意测验服务、信用查询等行业，基本上处于空白状态。在许多行业，具体的服务领域、服务品种还存在大量空白。服务市场的开放和外资的进入，将在相当程度上弥补我国服务业发展中的各种空白，满足国内经济发展和人民生活的各种需要。
4、有利于在更深层次上参与世界经济结构的调整
在经济全球化趋势的推动下，全球服务业也在酝酿着世界范围的调整。加入WTO，有利于我国借发达国家向海外转移劳动密集型、资本密集型服务业之机，吸引外国投资，改善我国服务业的内部结构；也有利于我国服务提供者进入国际市场，实施“走出去”战略，扩大服务贸易出口。
三、增强我国服务贸易竞争力的主要措施
1、优化服务行业结构
大力发展现代服务业，重点发展信息、科技、咨询、法律等行业，带动服务业整体水平提高。积极发展新兴服务业，如房地产、物业管理、旅游、教育培训、文化体育等，形成新的经济增长点。改组改造传统产业，运用现代经营方式和服务技术，着重改造商贸流通、交通运输、餐饮等行业，提高技术水平和经营效率。
2、放宽服务业市场准入
改变部分行业垄断经营严重、市场准入限制过严的状况，按市场主体资质和服务标准，逐步形成公开透明、管理规范的市场准入制度。加快垄断行业管理体制的改革，放宽部分行业市场准入的资质条件，鼓励非国有经济在更广泛的领域参与服务业发展。还要改革市场准入的行政审批制度，减少行政审批项目。
3、多渠道增加服务业投入
中央和地方各级政府，都要适当安排一定数量的投资，作为加快发展服务业的引导资金，主要用于国家鼓励的服务业建设项目的贴息或补助，以更多地吸引银行信贷资金和社会投入。银行要在独立审贷的基础上积极向符合贷款条件的服务业企业及其建设项目发放贷款．鼓励符合条件的服务业企业进入资本市场融资。
4、加强对服务业的组织领导
进一步转变观念，统一思想，提高认识，把服务业摆到与农业、工业同等重要的位置。各级政府要切实履行职责，为加快发展服务业创造良好的环境。制定和完善规范服务业市场主体行为和市场秩序的法律法规，为服务业发展提供法律保障。
China's service trade development and Countermeasures
Abstract: Trade in services is becoming the focus of global economic competition. Join the WTO, China's service trade was a certain amount of development, but there are some problems. Only the development of effective measures to promote China's service trade development.
Keywords: services trade; the status quo; Strategy
Since the end of last century, global economic competition is the focus shift from trade in services trade in goods, services advanced degree to become an important symbol to measure the level of modernization. At present, China has entered the development stage of building a moderately prosperous society, we must vigorously develop the service instry, and to expand services to the outside world as China's greater participation in international competition, an important part of integration into economic globalization.
I. Development of China's service trade
In recent years, China's service instry to achieve sustained, stable and healthy development of service instries to promote the growth of trade in services. 1989, China's service trade import and export volume in the world ranked 30, 2000 increased to 12. However, e to the low level of trade in services, infrastructure is poor, there is still a big gap compared with developed countries, mainly in:
1, the overall level of trade in services poor
My total lack of services, the low proportion in the national economy. In 2001 the added value of 3.2254 trillion yuan of Service, the proportion of GDP, is 33.6%. And middle-income countries, 46% -56%, high-income countries compared to 59% -65%, there is a great difference. Services behind the development of our country trade in services under great constraints. China's service trade in 2002 totaled 66 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for global service trade volume of 2.3%. The same period, total U.S. trade in services accounted for 16.5% of the world is China's 7 percent. Overall, in addition to tourism and a few instries, most trade in services in a deficit state. Join the WTO, the service trade deficit may be further expanded.
2, the internal structure of trade in services is unreasonable
1995-2002, China's total exports of services, tourism services has been at the top, its share from the 27.6 percent rise to 36.5 percent: the proportion of financial services have been around 19%; decline in the proportion of transportation services, by the 27.1% reced 19%. The information technology-based emerging service instries is obvious weaknesses in the service of this instry in 1995, the proportion of imports to 22.9 percent in 2001 soared to 52.4 percent, making China's service trade an important factor in the increasing deficit.
3, management of trade in services lagged
As the service sector is composed of many related instries instry groups, instries involved in international trade in services scope, the international community requires a State to carry out their domestic services sector overall coordination and management. At present, China's foreign trade in services management system has many defects, such as central and local foreign trade policy and regulations in the service sector there are still some differences, long service management, and those policies or issues of mutual constraints has not been fully resolved, Services statistics are not norms, instry standards and so many do not comply with international practice.
4, trade in services legislation is not perfect
Over the years, lagged far behind China's service trade legislation, although enacted in recent years, "Commercial Bank Law", "Insurance Law", "Maritime" and so on, but a wide range of content and services, trade and development requirements of international trade in services, there are many less than . At present, China still does not have a general law on the service have been the main performance of the provisions of the regulations for the various functional departments and internal documents, not only the legislation is quite low, and the lack of coordination, which affects the unity of China's service trade legislation and transparency.
Second, join the WTO impact on China Trade in Services
China's accession to WTO, the services market will further expand the basis of the original opening, which will bring China's service trade development profound impact.
1, the service trade market to further accelerate the process of
Deregulation, open markets are key to the development of trade in services. Join the WTO, market access in some service sectors, will not only control by the domestic authorities, but to the implementation of our government's commitment to the WTO, which will help break the monopoly of some domestic instries, is concive to the domestic instry learn foreign advanced experience, to improve service quality and level of services in China to further promote the development and improvement of international competitiveness.
2, will help to improve the investment environment in China
Investment environment is not only reflected in the road, communication, power supply and other hardware is good or bad, more and more reflected in the financial, distribution, professional services and other proction services such as the completeness and quality. China's service sector generally backward, more backward, procer services, which is Chinese and foreign investors, an important reason for our market. Services of opening travel, will attract more foreign capital into the services sector, which will effectively promote the service sector, in particular the rapid development of procer services, improve the soft investment environment in China, in order to stimulate the development of the domestic economy as a whole.
3, will help introce new types of services
Behind our services to a large extent the performance of the types of services, lack of variety, many services need to fill "the gaps." Division of the World Trade Organization's 143 instries, our commercial tax services, poll services, credit inquiries, etc., is basically a blank. In many instries, specific services, there are still large gaps in service varieties. Service market opening and entry of foreign capital, will make up a considerable extent, the various gaps in the service instry to meet the domestic economic development and people's living needs.
4, is concive to a deeper level the restructuring of the world economy
The promotion of economic globalization, global services are brewing around the world adjusted. Join the WTO, will help China to shift to overseas countries by labor-intensive, capital-intensive service instry the opportunity to attract foreign investment, improve the internal structure of our services; also help our service providers to enter the international market, "going out "strategy to expand trade in services exports.
Third, enhance the competitiveness of China's service trade, the main measures
1, optimization services instry structure
Vigorously develop modern services sector, focusing on the development of information, technology, consulting, legal and other instries to bring the overall level of service increase. Actively develop new service instries, such as real estate, property management, tourism, ecation and training, culture, sports, etc. to form a new economic growth point. Reorganization of the transformation of traditional instries, the use of modern management methods and services technology, focusing on transforming flow of commerce, transportation, catering and other instries, technological level and operational efficiency.
2, relaxation of market access for services
Monopoly in some sectors to change the serious, too restrictive market access conditions, the main qualification to market and service standards, and graally form an open and transparent and standardized management of the market access system. Accelerate the reform of management system of monopoly instries, relax qualifications in some sectors market access conditions, encouraging non-state participation in the broader field of service instry. Market access, reform of administrative approval system, rece administrative examination and approval.
3, multi-channel input to increase services
Central and local levels of government, appropriate arrangements should be a number of investment as a guide to speed up the development of the service sector, mainly for the service sector construction projects encouraged by the state as discount or subsidy to attract more bank credit funds and social input. Censoring banks in the basis of independent active service to meet the loan conditions of loans to enterprises and their projects. Encourage qualified enterprises to enter the capital market financing services.
4, to strengthen organization and leadership services
Further change the concept of unity of thinking, raise awareness, the service placed with agriculture, instry, equally important position. Governments at all levels must perform their ties, in order to accelerate the development of services to create a good environment. Develop and improve the standard of the main services market behavior and market order, laws and regulations to provide legal protection for the service instry.
㈤ 金融危机下中小企业融资渠道研究英文翻译
medium-sized enterprises and the three aspects of the method to solve the difficulty in financing, and not a very good solution to solve the difficulty in financing. This article through to the specific measures for comparative analysis, probes into the next financial crisis financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises of the solution, and put forward the go "bind business" way and the "international trade financing" such financing strategies of rationality, for in financial crisis of the small and medium-sized enterprises under the survival and development of the provide some reference. Key words financial crisis, small and medium-sized enterprise, the financing channels, to bind business, international trade finance
㈥ 帮忙把中文摘要翻译成英文摘要。。谢谢了
With the continuous development of international trade and international transportation, public warehouse in establishing port, city, international freight forwarding instry has been rapid development, and graally from the two closely related instries separated, graally developed into an independent instry, which is characterized with wide, multi link, professional sex is strong; its function is to centralized coordination and overall freight business is very complex in international trade. Therefore, the international freight transportation proxy form is an inevitable proct of international commodity circulation process, is part of the international trade indispensable. Its important role in the development of the national economy plays a irreplaceable, is an important link between shippers and carriers, is the international trade transportation organizers and designer. China's international freight forwarding instry is an emerging instry, this article summarizes the current status of China agent market of international freight, finds out the existing market freight forwarding enterprises, focuses on the analysis of countermeasure of forwarding agent market of China should take and the prospect.
[keyword]: international freight forwarding instry, present situation, existing problems, countermeasures,
㈦ 英文摘要翻译
一楼的也太糊弄人了吧
As a trade protection measures recogenized by GATT and the World Trade Organization, anti-mping is a common international mean to protect domestic instries, also a necessary tool to deal with unfair competition. It is legal, easy to implement, and it can effectively protect domestic instry while could not easily get in to retaliation. Recently, China's procts are repeatedly complained for anti-mping in international market. Recognize the reasons of the anti-mping allegations of our procts and take appropriate countermeasures are urgent affairs for China's enterprises to further broaden their international market, also focus concerns of the theoretical circles.
㈧ 高分求助：一篇关于国际收支论文摘要的英文翻译！！
That the international balance of payments such as whether or not to have a major impact on the economies of various countries and the international balance of payments into national economic policy objectives. China's international balance of payments imbalances are common in recent years by all a matter of concern, in recent years, China continued "double surplus" and even "three surplus" description of China's international balance of payments there has been a serious imbalance of China's economic development has brought Seriously affected. Articles from both domestic and international appears that the reason for this imbalance, from the domestic point of view, the lack of effective domestic demand there is the fundamental reason for this imbalance, including the impact of economic policies over the years; From an international perspective , Mainly e to the international division of labor, international trade and global impact of the excess liquidity. According to these reasons, the paper further imbalance in the treatment of countermeasures, is the fundamental policy of expanding domestic demand, while the adjustment of economic policies, and increase the intensity of international economic cooperation, so as to achieve improved international balance of payments imbalance purposes.
Key words: impact of the reasons for the imbalance between international income and expenditure measures
㈨ 请问有待英文摘要的国际贸易论文吗
不好意思