㈠ 英语翻译段子
②Proction effect: Increased the procer surplus. before implementing TBT, the procer surplus is the P1P3C area, but after implementing TBT, the procer surplus was the P2P3H area, the procer surplus increased the P1P2HC area. (two), TBT to trade export State influence effect analysis: First, to export State terms of trade influence (terms of trade effect) Regardless of export State for great nation or small country, because TBT has prevented its proct export, causes the domestic proct to supply exceed demand, definitely will rece this commodity the price, the overseas available same commodity will trade more this commodities, therefore terms of trade worsening.
对应的中文是:②生产效应:增加了生产者剩余。
在实行TBT以前,生产者剩余为P1P3C的面积,而实行TBT后,生产者剩余为P2P3H的面积,生产者剩余增加了P1P2HC的面积。
(二)、TBT对贸易出口国的影响效应分析:
第一、 对出口国贸易条件的影响(贸易条件效应)
无论出口国为大国或者小国,由于TBT阻止了其产品的出口,导致国内产品供大于求,必然会降低该商品的价格,国外则可用相同的商品换得更多的该商品,所以贸易条件恶化。
Second, to the export State domestic economy activity's influence (domestic effect) similarly take the small country as the example, analyzes the model building with the supply and demand, following chart: in the chart in two, is convenient for the analysis, after our supposition this country encounters the TBT limit some commodity all flows in the home. OQ, OP, S, D express this commodity output, the price, the domestic supply curve and the demand curve separately, before not having TBT to set limit, this country supplies are OQ3, the price are OP2, the domestic demand is OQ1, Q1Q3 is the volume of exports, after implementing TBT, the Q1Q3 proct transfers the domestic sale completely, the domestic price the drop will be OP1. ①Expense effect: Before the consumer surplus increases TBT to set limit, the consumer surplus is the P2BA area, after TBT sets limit, the consumer surplus is the P1EA area, the consumer surplus increased the P1P2BE area. ②Proction effect: Before the procer surplus reces TBT to set limit, the procer surplus is the FCP2 area, after TBT sets limit, the procer surplus is (FHP1-HEQ3Q2) area, the procer surplus increased (P1P2CH+ HEQ3Q2) the area. ③National income effect: After the income reces TBT sets limit, the national income originally should have HEC area income vanishing.
对应的中文:
第二、 对出口国国内经济活动的影响(国内效应)
同样以小国为例,用供求分析建立模型,如下图:
在图二中,为分析方便,我们假设该国遭遇TBT限制后的某商品全部流入国内。OQ、OP、S、D分别表示该商品的产量、价格、国内供给曲线和需求曲线,在没有TBT设限前,该国供给为OQ3,价格为OP2,国内需求为OQ1,Q1Q3为出口量,实行TBT后,Q1Q3产品全部转为国内销售,国内价格将下降为OP1 。
①消费效应:消费者剩余增加
TBT设限前,消费者剩余为P2BA的面积,TBT设限后,消费者剩余为P1EA的面积,消费者剩余增加了P1P2BE的面积。
②生产效应:生产者剩余减少
TBT设限前,生产者剩余为FCP2的面积,TBT设限后,生产者剩余为(FHP1―HEQ3Q2)的面积,生产者剩余增加了(P1P2CH+ HEQ3Q2)的面积。
③国民收入效应:收入减少
TBT设限后,国民收入本应该有的HEC面积的收入消失。
Third, the technical trade protectionism (TBT) to contemporary international trade's influence (one), TBT sets up the original intention and the necessity is worth affirmative. TBT sets up the original intention is good, it emerges has certain society and the historical perspective, we may sum up it as the following two aspects. the first aspect, finishes after the World War II, the world economics and the international trade had the very big development, but as a result of the people to the environment and the ecology question's understanding insufficiency, causes various countries' the ecology and the environment while proces and trade development receives certain destruction, the economical trade, the ecological environment and sustainable development's contradiction is day by day prominent, therefore various countries take the technical measure in abundance, afforests the proction and the trade. the second aspect, science's and technology's development causes the trade proct and the service technique content is getting higher and higher; Simultaneously the people living standard and the quality of life enhance unceasingly, the consumer to the proct and the service selective enhancement, to the proct and the service security, wholesomeness, and the performance request is also getting higher and higher, this request various countries take the effective technical measure, safeguards the normal proction, the trade and the expense. Therefore, we may see clearly TBT sets up the original intention is good, moreover the right technical measure is beneficial in the enhancement proction efficiency; Is beneficial in the promotion international trade development; Is beneficial in guaranteed that the export procts the quality either protects human, the animal or plant's life or the health and the protection environment, prevents the fraulent practice, or protects the importing country the basic security interests; Is also beneficial in the international standardized aspect in the developed country and provides the related assistance to the developing country transfer technology. Therefore said that TBT sets up also has its necessarily.
对应的中文:三、 技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)对当代国际贸易的影响
(一)、TBT的设立初衷及必要性是值得肯定的。
TBT的设立初衷是好的,它的兴起有着一定的社会和历史背景,我们可以把它归结为以下两个方面。
第一个方面,自从二战结束以后,世界经济与国际贸易有了很大的发展,但由于人们对环境和生态问题的认识不足,使得各国的生态与环境在生产与贸易发展的同时都受到一定的破坏,经济贸易、生态环境和可持续发展的矛盾日益突出,所以各国纷纷采取技术性措施,以绿化生产与贸易。
第二个方面,科学技术的发展使得贸易产品与服务的技术含量越来越高;同时人们生活水平和生活质量不断提高,消费者对产品和服务的选择性增强,对产品与服务的安全性、卫生性、及性能性的要求也越来越高,这就要求各国采取有效的技术性措施,来保障正常的生产、贸易与消费。
因此,我们可以清晰地看到TBT的设立初衷是好的,而且正当的技术性措施有益于提高生产效率;有益于促进国际贸易发展;有益于保证出口产品的质量或保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康及保护环境,防止欺诈行为,或保护进口国的基本安全利益;在国际标准化方面也有益于发达国家向发展中国家转让技术并提供相关的协助。所以说TBT的设立也是有其必要性的。
(two), nowadays's TBT already became the international trade the bottleneck to have the ironclad evidence. Although the technology trade barrier sets up has its necessity, but nowadays's TBT already seriously twisted the original intention which it sets up, various countries set up TBT to protect the proportion which the environment and people's security occupies to be getting fewer and fewer, but sets up the barrier to prevent the overseas commodity the import to be actually getting more and more, has become a trade protectionism powerful tool. The fact proved that TBT seriously had already hindered international trade normal advance, becomes a bottleneck which the international trade oversteps with difficulty. we first looking from TBT in the notification situation in recent years, according to WTO "the TBT Agreement" and "the SPS Agreement" the stipulation, the member formulates before the trade possibly has the tremendous influence technical measure to notify for the TBT committee or the SPS committee, and gives other members to appraise the time. in 2002, altogether had 45 members TBT which and SPS total quantity 1429 notified to the TBT committee and the SPS committee, bi shangnian grew 6.4%,1995-2002 year TBT and the SPS notification total is 8507. The special details see the next table:
对应的中文(二)、现今的TBT已经成为国际贸易的瓶颈是有真凭实据的。
虽然技术贸易壁垒的设立有其必要性,但是现今的TBT已经严重扭曲了它设立的初衷,各国设立TBT来保护环境及人民的安全所占的比例越来越少,而设立壁垒来阻止国外商品的进口却越来越多,成了贸易保护主义的一个有力的工具。事实证明,TBT已经严重阻碍了国际贸易的正常进行,成为国际贸易难以逾越的一个瓶颈。
我们先从TBT在近几年的通报情况来看,根据WTO的《TBT协议》及《SPS协议》的规定,成员制定对贸易可能有较大影响的技术性措施前应通报给TBT委员会或SPS委员会,并给予其他成员评议时间。2002年,共有45个成员向TBT委员会和SPS委员会通报的TBT和SPS总量1429件,比上年增长6.4%,1995—2002年TBT和SPS通报总数为8507件。具体情况见下表:
好了搞定
㈡ 求笑话 外贸方面最好
1.一个美国人到德国去旅游,德国一家旅游公司派了一条名叫“业务员”的狗,这条叫“业务员”的狗兢兢业业,认认真真,带领美国人游遍德国,给美国人留下了深刻的印象……
两年后,美国人再次来到德国,来到这家旅游公司还想找那条叫“业务员”的狗作向导。旅游公司的负责人说,原来叫“业务员”的狗,已经改名叫“经理”了,如今他什么也不会,只会蹲在角落里冲别人哇哇大喊大叫……
2.一个小偷行窃被抓获,法庭对他起诉。
小偷向法官申诉说:“法官先生,我是迫于无奈才干这种事的。试想一想:我肚子饿,一点食物也找不到,连像样的衣服也没一件;没有家庭,没有朋友,这叫我怎么办呢……”
法官说:“你的供词使我很感动,我对你深表同情。在今后一年里,我代表我这个机构,免费地向你提供一个住处和适量的食物、衣物;你在这一年里,可以得到你所没有的一切。”
3.在外贸界的中国朋友们老是听到 国外的客户抱怨:中国人太坏了 , 太坏了 。。。
很多中国人很是不理解 就 追究其原因 结果这一查 查出这么一个段子。
在 很早的时候,有一个美国人,法国人和 中国人 被同时沦落在一个荒岛上。
岛上什么也没有 于是他们三个人只能 向神求救 果然不负有心人 ,神仙出来了说;我没人答应你三个要求你们谁先说?
美国人前先说:1 我要100万个金币 2 给我6个美女,3 让我离开这里 。
神仙一挥袖子 美国人消失了。
神仙对法国人说:你呢?
法国人:我要200万个金币 12个美女 然后离开这里 。
神仙 有一挥袖子 。。。。
神仙问中国人:你呢?
“给我来瓶2锅头 ” 喝下去后 说:在给来一瓶 。 第3 ,我一个人喝酒没意思让他们俩回来陪我喝酒。。。
于是。。。。。。
回来后 美国人和法国人 无奈得很 没办法 只能再次拜神 以求显灵。。
果然神仙有出来了 说这次我只能没人答应你们2个要求了 ,你们谁先来?
美国人 长了个心眼 说:让他(中国人)先来 ,他先来。。
中国人说 :给我来评2锅头。 神仙赶紧问 第二个呢?
当时中国人正在喝着那2锅头 来不及说话 就不耐烦地说 :行了,行了没你事了 ,你走吧。。。。汗
4.有两个女儿的莫里森不幸在一次车祸中截去了左脚,为此,保险公司付给他一笔数目可 观的保险费,他将这笔钱做了大女儿的嫁妆。”
在教堂里的大女儿的结婚仪式上,小女儿趴在莫里森的耳边,轻轻地问:“爸爸,您该 替我想想了,我的嫁妆怎么筹措呢?”
5.我有一同事,姓白,是个小姐。有个香港的客户打电话来要资料,我告诉他由白小姐负责。下午的时候收到一张传真,ATTN是MISS WHITE。我很奇怪,因为公司没有这样一位小姐啊。想了一下,就明白邮件是给白小姐的。
6.这是以色列客户告诉我的故事,他参加过中东战争.他说阿拉伯的士兵又蠢有懒,军官训练新兵走正步的时候,很多士兵都分不清左右,以至于队伍散散乱乱;这时候有个军官想了个办法,让士兵左手拿土豆,右手拿西红柿,军官说土豆的时候,士兵迈左脚,军官说西红柿的时候,士兵们则迈右脚,整个军营士兵们整齐的迈着步伐,空气中荡漾着军官豪迈而有节奏的口令声:tomato, potato, tomato, potato, tomato........
阿拉伯人确实懒散,出生在金山上面,滋生了饭来张口,衣来伸手的习惯;估计大伙做中东单的都了解,阿拉伯客户傻有钱!
7.招待一很熟的欧洲客户,提议吃狗肉。他连连摇头,说万万使不得,又说他家就养了两只狗,难以想象好朋友被吃掉。只好做罢。河南大学生网-k
第二天,俺先宰不奏,点了盘白切狗肉,对他说这是盘驴肉。他吃了,觉得味道不错。
客人回国后约一星期,俺嘴辰上生老大的疱疹,又痛又痒,在email里说可能是因为说了谎而被上帝惩罚,告诉他那盘驴肉实际是狗肉。 他回信说:really? my dogs were quite upset by the story!
8.我们阿富汗的客户很烦很罗嗦,后来看到是他的电话我都懒得接,有次他问Can you give me your moblie no? 我说 I don’t use mobile.他说 No no i don’t believe it , you Chinese everyone has mobile. 我晕……
还有尼日利亚的客户那总是停电,每次传真都很难发通,经常发过去的时候他说Hold for a while, I’m making electricity.……他在那手摇发电……